high chemical homogeneity of the multicomponent precursors, and the easy control
of product porosity at macro- and meso-levels. Additional advantages of cryogenic
methods in materials synthesis and processing include the availability of industrially produced freeze-drying equipment, which makes it simple and easy to scale up
synthetic processes developed at the laboratory scale. In spite of 40 years of history
of cryogel synthesis, it remains a modern, useful, and efficient tool for materials
scientists and engineers.
Acknowledgements Partial support by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 12-0801241a) is gratefully acknowledged.
References
1. Klvana D, Chaouki J, Repellin-Lacroix M, Pajonk GM (1989) Rev Phys Appl Colloid 4:C4–
29
2. Pajonk GM (1989) Rev Phys Appl Colloid 4:C4–13
3. Pajonk GM, Repellin-Lacroix M, Abournadasse S, Chaouki J, Klvana D (1990) J Non-Cryst
Solids 121:66
4. Scheurell K, Hoppe E, Brzezinka KW, Kemnitz E (2004) J Mater Chem 14:2560
5. Borlaf M, Poveda JM, Moreno R, Colomer MT (2012) J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 63:408
6. Shu K, Wang C, Wang M, Zhao C, Wallace GC (2014) J Mater Chem A 2:1325
7. Trambouze Y (1969) Ann Bull Inst Intern du Froid 9:13
8. Trambouze Y (1970) Chimie & Industrie Genie Chimique 103:2338
9. Roehrig FK, Wright TR (1972) J Am Ceram Soc 55:58
10. Landsberg A, Campbell TT (1965) J Metals 17:856
11. Wikipedia (2014) Deng_Xiaoping_theory. Wikipedia, The free encyclopedia. Available at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping_Theory
12. Tretyakov YD, Oleynikov NN, Shlyakhtin OA (1997) Cryochemical technology of advanced
materials. Chapman Hall, London
13. Tretyakov YD, Shlyakhtin OA (1999) J Mater Chem 9:19
14. Shlyakhtin OA, Oleinikov NN, Tretyakov YD (2005) Cryochemical synthesis of materials.
In: Komarneni S, Lee B (eds) Chemical processing of ceramics (2nd edn), vol 28, Materials
engineering series. CRC, Boca Raton, p 77
15. Shlyakhtin OA, Oh YJ (2009) J Electroceramics 23:452
16. Rusnano (2011) Pechini method. In: Glossary of nanotechnology and related terms. Available
at http://eng.thesaurus.rusnano.com/wiki/article2075
17. Petrykin V, Kakihana M (2005) Chemistry and applications of polymeric gel precursors. In:
Sakka S, Kozuka H (eds) Handbook of sol-gel science and technology, vol 1. Kluwer,
Dordrecht, p 77
18. Junliang L, Yanwei Z, Cuijing G, Wei Z, Xiaowei Y (2010) J Eur Ceram Soc 30:993
19. Jing Y, Patakangas J, Lund PD, Zhu B (2013) Int J Hydrogen Energy 38:16532
20. Fujioka Y, Frantti J, Asiri AM, Obaid AY, Jiang H, Nieminen RM (2012) J Phys Chem C
116:17029
21. Tezuka S, Sato Y, Komukai T, Takatsuka Y, Kato H, Kakihana M (2013) Appl Phys Express
6:072101
22. Iwamura M, Petrykin V, Kakihana M (2007) J Ceram Soc Japan 115:920
23. Wang X, Sumboja A, Khoo E, Yan C, Lee PS (2012) J Phys Chem C 116:4930
24. Xiao Q, Tang X, Liu Y, Zhong Y, Zhu W (2012) J Am Ceram Soc 95:1544
25. Xiao Q, Tang X, Liu Y, Zhong Y, Zhu W (2013) Front Chem Sci Eng 7:297
238
O.A. Shlyakhtin
of product porosity at macro- and meso-levels. Additional advantages of cryogenic
methods in materials synthesis and processing include the availability of industrially produced freeze-drying equipment, which makes it simple and easy to scale up
synthetic processes developed at the laboratory scale. In spite of 40 years of history
of cryogel synthesis, it remains a modern, useful, and efficient tool for materials
scientists and engineers.
Acknowledgements Partial support by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 12-0801241a) is gratefully acknowledged.
References
1. Klvana D, Chaouki J, Repellin-Lacroix M, Pajonk GM (1989) Rev Phys Appl Colloid 4:C4–
29
2. Pajonk GM (1989) Rev Phys Appl Colloid 4:C4–13
3. Pajonk GM, Repellin-Lacroix M, Abournadasse S, Chaouki J, Klvana D (1990) J Non-Cryst
Solids 121:66
4. Scheurell K, Hoppe E, Brzezinka KW, Kemnitz E (2004) J Mater Chem 14:2560
5. Borlaf M, Poveda JM, Moreno R, Colomer MT (2012) J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 63:408
6. Shu K, Wang C, Wang M, Zhao C, Wallace GC (2014) J Mater Chem A 2:1325
7. Trambouze Y (1969) Ann Bull Inst Intern du Froid 9:13
8. Trambouze Y (1970) Chimie & Industrie Genie Chimique 103:2338
9. Roehrig FK, Wright TR (1972) J Am Ceram Soc 55:58
10. Landsberg A, Campbell TT (1965) J Metals 17:856
11. Wikipedia (2014) Deng_Xiaoping_theory. Wikipedia, The free encyclopedia. Available at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping_Theory
12. Tretyakov YD, Oleynikov NN, Shlyakhtin OA (1997) Cryochemical technology of advanced
materials. Chapman Hall, London
13. Tretyakov YD, Shlyakhtin OA (1999) J Mater Chem 9:19
14. Shlyakhtin OA, Oleinikov NN, Tretyakov YD (2005) Cryochemical synthesis of materials.
In: Komarneni S, Lee B (eds) Chemical processing of ceramics (2nd edn), vol 28, Materials
engineering series. CRC, Boca Raton, p 77
15. Shlyakhtin OA, Oh YJ (2009) J Electroceramics 23:452
16. Rusnano (2011) Pechini method. In: Glossary of nanotechnology and related terms. Available
at http://eng.thesaurus.rusnano.com/wiki/article2075
17. Petrykin V, Kakihana M (2005) Chemistry and applications of polymeric gel precursors. In:
Sakka S, Kozuka H (eds) Handbook of sol-gel science and technology, vol 1. Kluwer,
Dordrecht, p 77
18. Junliang L, Yanwei Z, Cuijing G, Wei Z, Xiaowei Y (2010) J Eur Ceram Soc 30:993
19. Jing Y, Patakangas J, Lund PD, Zhu B (2013) Int J Hydrogen Energy 38:16532
20. Fujioka Y, Frantti J, Asiri AM, Obaid AY, Jiang H, Nieminen RM (2012) J Phys Chem C
116:17029
21. Tezuka S, Sato Y, Komukai T, Takatsuka Y, Kato H, Kakihana M (2013) Appl Phys Express
6:072101
22. Iwamura M, Petrykin V, Kakihana M (2007) J Ceram Soc Japan 115:920
23. Wang X, Sumboja A, Khoo E, Yan C, Lee PS (2012) J Phys Chem C 116:4930
24. Xiao Q, Tang X, Liu Y, Zhong Y, Zhu W (2012) J Am Ceram Soc 95:1544
25. Xiao Q, Tang X, Liu Y, Zhong Y, Zhu W (2013) Front Chem Sci Eng 7:297
238
O.A. Shlyakhtin