compounds (monomers and solvent) in equilibrium with solvent crystals. All
concentrations and properties of the system components change continuously
during the cryogelation process. A more complete understanding of this complicated gel formation system is needed in order to improve the structuring of cryogels
overall length scales from nanometer to micrometer. Moreover, because the volume
swelling ratio of the cryogels and their porosity are inversely coupled, new synthetic approaches are also needed for the preparation of cryogels exhibiting drastic
volume changes in response to external stimuli.
Acknowledgement This work was supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council
of Turkey (TUBITAK, TBAG–211 T044) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR,
12-03-91371). O.O. thanks the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) for the partial support.
References
1. Gerlach G, Arndt KF (2009) Hydrogel sensors and actuators. In: Urban G (ed) Springer series
on chemical sensors and biosensors, vol 6. Springer, Berlin
2. Shibayama M, Tanaka T (1993) Adv Polym Sci 109:1
3. Galaev I, Mattiasson B (2008) Smart polymers. Applications in biotechnology and biomedicine, 2nd edn. CRC Press, NY
4. Suzuki M, Hirasa O (1993) Adv Polym Sci 110:241
5. Tanaka T, Fillmore DJ (1979) J Chem Phys 70:1214
6. Gong JP, Katsuyama Y, Kurokawa T, Osada Y (2003) Adv Mater 15:1155
7. Okumura Y, Ito K (2001) Adv Mater 13:485
8. Tuncaboylu DC, Sari M, Oppermann W, Okay O (2011) Macromolecules 44:4997
9. Haraguchi K, Takehisa T (2002) Adv Mater 14:1120
10. Huang T, Xu H, Jiao K, Zhu L, Brown HR, Wang H (2007) Adv Mater 19:1622
11. Okay O (2000) Prog Polym Sci 25:711
12. Seidl J, Malinsky J, Dusek K, Heitz W (1967) Adv Polym Sci 5:113
13. Dusek K (1982) In: Haward RN (ed) Developments in polymerization, vol 3, Applied
Science, London, p 143
14. Sayil C, Okay O (2001) Polymer 42:7639
15. Vainerman ES, Lozinsky VI, Rogozhin SV (1981) Colloid Polym Sci 259:1198
16. Lozinsky VI, Vainerman ES, Titova EF, Belavtseva EM, Rogozhin SV (1984) Colloid Polym
Sci 262:769
17. Lozinsky VI (2002) Russ Chem Rev 71:489
18. Lozinsky VI, Plieva FM, Galaev IY, Mattiasson B (2002) Bioseparation 10:163
19. Lozinsky VI, Galaev IY, Plieva FM, Savina IN, Jungvid H, Mattiasson B (2003) Trends
Biotechnol 21:445
20. Mattiasson B, Kumar A, Galaev IY (2010) Macroporous polymers. Production, properties,
and biotechnological/biomedical applications. CRC Press, New York
21. Henderson TMA, Ladewig K, Haylock DN, McLean KM, O’Connor AJ (2013) J Mater
Chem B 1:2682
22. Kirsebom H, Mattiasson B (2011) Polym Chem 2:1059
23. Ozmen MM, Dinu MV, Dragan ES, Okay O (2007) J Macromol Sci Part A 44:1195
24. Plieva FM, Karlsson M, Aguilar MR, Gomez D, Mikhalovsky S, Galaev IY (2005) Soft
Matter 1:303
25. Plieva F, Huiting X, Galaev IY, Bergenstahl B, Mattiasson B (2006) J Mater Chem 16:4065
26. Dinu MV, Ozmen MM, Dragan ES, Okay O (2007) Polymer 48:195
Synthesis and Structure–Property Relationships of Cryogels
153
concentrations and properties of the system components change continuously
during the cryogelation process. A more complete understanding of this complicated gel formation system is needed in order to improve the structuring of cryogels
overall length scales from nanometer to micrometer. Moreover, because the volume
swelling ratio of the cryogels and their porosity are inversely coupled, new synthetic approaches are also needed for the preparation of cryogels exhibiting drastic
volume changes in response to external stimuli.
Acknowledgement This work was supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council
of Turkey (TUBITAK, TBAG–211 T044) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR,
12-03-91371). O.O. thanks the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) for the partial support.
References
1. Gerlach G, Arndt KF (2009) Hydrogel sensors and actuators. In: Urban G (ed) Springer series
on chemical sensors and biosensors, vol 6. Springer, Berlin
2. Shibayama M, Tanaka T (1993) Adv Polym Sci 109:1
3. Galaev I, Mattiasson B (2008) Smart polymers. Applications in biotechnology and biomedicine, 2nd edn. CRC Press, NY
4. Suzuki M, Hirasa O (1993) Adv Polym Sci 110:241
5. Tanaka T, Fillmore DJ (1979) J Chem Phys 70:1214
6. Gong JP, Katsuyama Y, Kurokawa T, Osada Y (2003) Adv Mater 15:1155
7. Okumura Y, Ito K (2001) Adv Mater 13:485
8. Tuncaboylu DC, Sari M, Oppermann W, Okay O (2011) Macromolecules 44:4997
9. Haraguchi K, Takehisa T (2002) Adv Mater 14:1120
10. Huang T, Xu H, Jiao K, Zhu L, Brown HR, Wang H (2007) Adv Mater 19:1622
11. Okay O (2000) Prog Polym Sci 25:711
12. Seidl J, Malinsky J, Dusek K, Heitz W (1967) Adv Polym Sci 5:113
13. Dusek K (1982) In: Haward RN (ed) Developments in polymerization, vol 3, Applied
Science, London, p 143
14. Sayil C, Okay O (2001) Polymer 42:7639
15. Vainerman ES, Lozinsky VI, Rogozhin SV (1981) Colloid Polym Sci 259:1198
16. Lozinsky VI, Vainerman ES, Titova EF, Belavtseva EM, Rogozhin SV (1984) Colloid Polym
Sci 262:769
17. Lozinsky VI (2002) Russ Chem Rev 71:489
18. Lozinsky VI, Plieva FM, Galaev IY, Mattiasson B (2002) Bioseparation 10:163
19. Lozinsky VI, Galaev IY, Plieva FM, Savina IN, Jungvid H, Mattiasson B (2003) Trends
Biotechnol 21:445
20. Mattiasson B, Kumar A, Galaev IY (2010) Macroporous polymers. Production, properties,
and biotechnological/biomedical applications. CRC Press, New York
21. Henderson TMA, Ladewig K, Haylock DN, McLean KM, O’Connor AJ (2013) J Mater
Chem B 1:2682
22. Kirsebom H, Mattiasson B (2011) Polym Chem 2:1059
23. Ozmen MM, Dinu MV, Dragan ES, Okay O (2007) J Macromol Sci Part A 44:1195
24. Plieva FM, Karlsson M, Aguilar MR, Gomez D, Mikhalovsky S, Galaev IY (2005) Soft
Matter 1:303
25. Plieva F, Huiting X, Galaev IY, Bergenstahl B, Mattiasson B (2006) J Mater Chem 16:4065
26. Dinu MV, Ozmen MM, Dragan ES, Okay O (2007) Polymer 48:195
Synthesis and Structure–Property Relationships of Cryogels
153