shows the photoresponsive IÀV characteristic curves in a low-bias regime for a single
annealed P3HT/PCBM (1:2 wt%) NP at room temperature. The photovoltaic effect
was observed in the single annealed hybrid NP, as shown in Fig. 29c. From the
photovoltaic IÀV characteristic curves, the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit
current were measured to be about 293.15 mV and 11.29 pA, respectively, and the
Fig. 28 (a) Fabrication process for P3HT:PCBM composite NWs. (b) Comparison of normalized
LCM PL spectra for single NWs of P3HT, PCBM, and P3HT:PCBM composite. (c) Nanodevice
with Au and Al electrodes using P3HT:PCBM single NW. (d) SEM image of nanodevice using a
single NW with Au and Al electrodes. (e) I–V characteristic curves for single P3HT:PCBM NW
with a P3HT:PCBM concentration of 1:2 wt% with and without irradiation. Inset: normalized
currents of the composite NW with and without illumination as a function of time. (Reproduced
with permission from [144]. Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V.)
Fig. 29 (a) LCM PL intensities of single annealed P3HT NPs and annealed and non-annealed
P3HT/PCBM (1:1 and 1:2 wt%) NPs. Left insets: LCM PL mapping images of annealed P3HT and
hybrid NPs. Right inset: wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns of annealed and non-annealed P3HT
NPs. (b) Illustration of c-AFM experiment using single hybrid P3HT/PCBM NP. Inset: energy
band diagram of hybrid NP with Pt and ITO electrodes. (c) Photovoltaic I–V characteristic curves
of single annealed P3HT/PCBM (1:2 wt%) NP. Inset: photoresponsive I–V characteristic curves of
NPs in the full measured range. The lines are guides for the eye. (Reproduced with permission
from [52]. Copyright 2012 Royal Society of Chemistry.)
Synthesis, Characteristics, and Applications of Intrinsically Light-Emitting. . .
239