References
Ajmal N, Saraswat K, Bakht MA, Riadi Y, Ahsan MJ, Noushad M
(2019) Cost-effective and eco-friendly synthesis of titanium dioxide
(TiO 2 ) nanoparticles using fruit’s peel agro-waste extracts: characterization, in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant activities. Green Chem
Lett Rev 12(3):244–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2019.
1629641
Andersen CP, King G, Plocher M, Storm M, Pokhrel LR, Johnson MG,
Rygiewicz PT (2016) Germination and early plant development of
ten plant species exposed to titanium dioxide and cerium oxide
nanoparticles. Environ Toxicol Chem 35(9):2223–2229. https://doi.
org/10.1002/etc.3374
Alirahlah A, Fouad H, Hashem M, Abdurahman A, Niazy AA,
Abdulhakim, Al Badah A (2018) Titanium oxide (TiO 2 )/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base nanocomposites:
mechanical, viscoelastic and antibacterial behavior. Materials 11
(7):1096. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11071096
Bis P, Wu CY (2005) Critical review: nanoparticles and the environment. J Air Waste Water Manag 55:708–746
Burke DJ, Pietrasiak N, Situ SF, Abenojar EC, Porche M, Kraj P,
Samia ACS (2015) Iron oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticle
effects on plant performance and root associated microbes. Int J Mol
Sci 16(10):23630–23650. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161023630
Cai F, Wu X, Zhang H, Shen X, Zhang M, Chen W, Gao Q, White JC,
Tao S, Wang X (2017) Impact of TiO 2 nanoparticles on lead uptake
and bioaccumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L). NanoImpact 5:101–
108
Castiglione MR, Giorgetti L, Geri C, Cremonini R (2011) The effects of
nano-TiO 2 on seed germination, development and mitosis of root tip
cells of Vicia narbonensis L and Zea mays L. J Nanopart Res 13
(6):2443–2449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-010-0135-8
Desireé M, Navas J, Sánchez-Coronilla A, Alcántara R, Fernández-Lorenzo C, Martín-Calleja J (2015) Highly Al-doped TiO 2
nanoparticles produced by Ball Mill method: structural and
electronic characterization. Mater Res Bull 70:704–711. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2015.06.008
Du W, Sun Y, Ji R, Zhu J, Wu J, Guo H (2011) TiO 2 and ZnO
nanoparticles negatively affect wheat growth and soil enzyme
activities in agricultural soil. J Environ Monit 13(4):822–828.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C0EM00611D
Eissa MA (2014) Phytoextraction of nickel, lead and cadmium from
metal contaminated soils using different field. World Appl Sci J 32
(6):1045–1052. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2014.32.06.912
Faraji J, Sepehri (2018) Titanium dioxide nanoparticles and sodium
nitroprusside alleviate the adverse effects of cadmium stress on
germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L).
Univ Sci 23(1):61–87
Federici G, Shaw BJ, Handy RD (2007) Toxicity of titanium dioxide
nanoparticles to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): gill injury,
oxidative stress, and other physiological effects. Aquat Toxicol 84
(4):415–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.07.009
Fulekar J, Dutta DP, Pathak B, Fulekar MH (2018) Novel microbial
and root mediated green synthesis of TiO 2 nanoparticles and its
application in wastewater remediation. J Chem Technol Biotechnol
93(3):736–743. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5423
Gao J, Xu G, Qian H, Liu P, Zhao P, Hu Y (2013) Effects of nano-TiO 2 on
photosynthetic characteristics of Ulmus elongata seedlings. Environ
Pollut 176:63–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.027
Guo X, Zhang Q, Ding X, Shen Q, Wu C, Zhang L, Yang H (2016)
Synthesis and application of several sol-gel-derived materials via
sol-gel process combining with other technologies: a review.
J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 79(2):328–358. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10971-015-3935-6
He Y, Langenhoff AA, Sutton NB, Rijnaarts HH, Blokland MH,
Chen F, Schröder P (2017) Metabolism of ibuprofen by Phragmites
australis: uptake and phytodegradation. Environ Sci Technol 51
(8):4576–4584. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00458
Islam MS, Ueno Y, Sikder MT, Kurasaki M (2013) Phytofiltration of
arsenic and cadmium from the water environment using Micranthemum umbrosum (JF Gmel) SF Blake as a hyper accumulator.
Int J Phytorem 15(10):1010–1021. https://doi.org/10.1080/
15226514.2012.751356
Jongprateep O, Puranasamriddhi R, Palomas J (2015) Nanoparticulate
titanium dioxide synthesized by sol-gel and solution combustion
techniques. Ceram Int 41:S169–S173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ceramint.2015.03.193
Judy JD , Kirby JK, Cavagnaro T, Paul M, Bertsch PM, (2016) Gold
nanomaterial uptake from soil is not increased by arbuscular
mycorrhizal colonization of Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato).
Nanomaterials 6(68):1–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano6040068
Kim CS, Moon BK, Park JH, Choi BC, Seo HJ (2003) Solvothermal
synthesis of nanocrystalline TiO 2 in toluene with surfactant. J Cryst
Growth 257(3–4):309–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0248
(03)01468-4
Larue C, Khodja H, Herlin-Boime N, Brisset F, Flank AM, Fayard B,
Carrière M (2011) Investigation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles
toxicity and uptake by plants. J Phys: Conf Ser 304:012057. https://
doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/304/1/012057
Limmer M, Burken J (2016) Phytovolatilization of organic contaminants. Environ Sci Technol 50(13):6632–6643. https://doi.org/10.
1021/acs.est.5b04113
Long TC, Tajuba J, Sama P, Saleh N, Swartz C, Parker J, Hester S,
Lowry GV, Veronesi B (2007) Nanosize titanium dioxide stimulates reactive oxygen species in brain microglia and damages
neurons in vitro. Environ Health Perspect 115:1631–1637. https://
doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10216
Ma H, Lenz KA, Gao X, Li S, Wallis LK (2019) Comparative toxicity
of a food additive TiO 2 , a bulk TiO 2 , and a nano-sized P 25 to a
model organism the nematode C. elegans. Environ Sci Pollut Res
Int 26:3556–3568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3810-4
Ma X, Yan J (2018) Plant uptake and accumulation of engineered
metallic nanoparticles from lab to field conditions. Curr Opin
Environ Sci Health 6:16–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2018.
07.008
Mahmoodzadeh H, Nabavi M, Kashefi H (2013) Effect of nanoscale
titanium dioxide particles on the germination and growth of canola
(Brassica napus) 25–32
Manesh RR, Grassi G, Bergami E, Marques-Santos LF, Faleri C,
Liberatori G, Corsi I (2018) Co-exposure to titanium dioxide
nanoparticles does not affect cadmium toxicity in radish seeds
(Raphanus sativus). Ecotoxicol Environm Saf 148:359–366. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.051
McDaniel E, Chen I, Balogh E, Yang Y, Ghoshroy S (2013) Structural
analysis of plants exposed to titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles.
Microsc Microanal 19(S2):104–105. https://doi.org/10.1017/
S1431927613002511
Mendez MO, Maier RM (2008) Phyto-stabilization of mine tailings in
arid and semiarid environments an emerging remediation technology. Environ Health Perspect 116(3):278–283. https://doi.org/10.
1289/ehp.10608
Moll J, Okupnik A, Gogos A, Knauer K, Bucheli TD, van der
Heijden MGA (2016) Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on
red clover and its rhizobial symbiont. PLoS ONE 11(5):1–15.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155111
Nadeem M, Tungmunnithum D, Hano C, Abbasi BH, Hashmi SS,
Ahmad W, Zahir A (2018) The current trends in the green syntheses of
titanium oxide nanoparticles and their applications. Green Chem Lett
Rev 11(4):492–502. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2018.1538430
82
K. G. Moodley and V. Arumugam
Ajmal N, Saraswat K, Bakht MA, Riadi Y, Ahsan MJ, Noushad M
(2019) Cost-effective and eco-friendly synthesis of titanium dioxide
(TiO 2 ) nanoparticles using fruit’s peel agro-waste extracts: characterization, in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant activities. Green Chem
Lett Rev 12(3):244–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2019.
1629641
Andersen CP, King G, Plocher M, Storm M, Pokhrel LR, Johnson MG,
Rygiewicz PT (2016) Germination and early plant development of
ten plant species exposed to titanium dioxide and cerium oxide
nanoparticles. Environ Toxicol Chem 35(9):2223–2229. https://doi.
org/10.1002/etc.3374
Alirahlah A, Fouad H, Hashem M, Abdurahman A, Niazy AA,
Abdulhakim, Al Badah A (2018) Titanium oxide (TiO 2 )/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base nanocomposites:
mechanical, viscoelastic and antibacterial behavior. Materials 11
(7):1096. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11071096
Bis P, Wu CY (2005) Critical review: nanoparticles and the environment. J Air Waste Water Manag 55:708–746
Burke DJ, Pietrasiak N, Situ SF, Abenojar EC, Porche M, Kraj P,
Samia ACS (2015) Iron oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticle
effects on plant performance and root associated microbes. Int J Mol
Sci 16(10):23630–23650. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161023630
Cai F, Wu X, Zhang H, Shen X, Zhang M, Chen W, Gao Q, White JC,
Tao S, Wang X (2017) Impact of TiO 2 nanoparticles on lead uptake
and bioaccumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L). NanoImpact 5:101–
108
Castiglione MR, Giorgetti L, Geri C, Cremonini R (2011) The effects of
nano-TiO 2 on seed germination, development and mitosis of root tip
cells of Vicia narbonensis L and Zea mays L. J Nanopart Res 13
(6):2443–2449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-010-0135-8
Desireé M, Navas J, Sánchez-Coronilla A, Alcántara R, Fernández-Lorenzo C, Martín-Calleja J (2015) Highly Al-doped TiO 2
nanoparticles produced by Ball Mill method: structural and
electronic characterization. Mater Res Bull 70:704–711. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2015.06.008
Du W, Sun Y, Ji R, Zhu J, Wu J, Guo H (2011) TiO 2 and ZnO
nanoparticles negatively affect wheat growth and soil enzyme
activities in agricultural soil. J Environ Monit 13(4):822–828.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C0EM00611D
Eissa MA (2014) Phytoextraction of nickel, lead and cadmium from
metal contaminated soils using different field. World Appl Sci J 32
(6):1045–1052. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2014.32.06.912
Faraji J, Sepehri (2018) Titanium dioxide nanoparticles and sodium
nitroprusside alleviate the adverse effects of cadmium stress on
germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L).
Univ Sci 23(1):61–87
Federici G, Shaw BJ, Handy RD (2007) Toxicity of titanium dioxide
nanoparticles to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): gill injury,
oxidative stress, and other physiological effects. Aquat Toxicol 84
(4):415–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.07.009
Fulekar J, Dutta DP, Pathak B, Fulekar MH (2018) Novel microbial
and root mediated green synthesis of TiO 2 nanoparticles and its
application in wastewater remediation. J Chem Technol Biotechnol
93(3):736–743. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5423
Gao J, Xu G, Qian H, Liu P, Zhao P, Hu Y (2013) Effects of nano-TiO 2 on
photosynthetic characteristics of Ulmus elongata seedlings. Environ
Pollut 176:63–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.027
Guo X, Zhang Q, Ding X, Shen Q, Wu C, Zhang L, Yang H (2016)
Synthesis and application of several sol-gel-derived materials via
sol-gel process combining with other technologies: a review.
J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 79(2):328–358. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10971-015-3935-6
He Y, Langenhoff AA, Sutton NB, Rijnaarts HH, Blokland MH,
Chen F, Schröder P (2017) Metabolism of ibuprofen by Phragmites
australis: uptake and phytodegradation. Environ Sci Technol 51
(8):4576–4584. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00458
Islam MS, Ueno Y, Sikder MT, Kurasaki M (2013) Phytofiltration of
arsenic and cadmium from the water environment using Micranthemum umbrosum (JF Gmel) SF Blake as a hyper accumulator.
Int J Phytorem 15(10):1010–1021. https://doi.org/10.1080/
15226514.2012.751356
Jongprateep O, Puranasamriddhi R, Palomas J (2015) Nanoparticulate
titanium dioxide synthesized by sol-gel and solution combustion
techniques. Ceram Int 41:S169–S173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ceramint.2015.03.193
Judy JD , Kirby JK, Cavagnaro T, Paul M, Bertsch PM, (2016) Gold
nanomaterial uptake from soil is not increased by arbuscular
mycorrhizal colonization of Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato).
Nanomaterials 6(68):1–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano6040068
Kim CS, Moon BK, Park JH, Choi BC, Seo HJ (2003) Solvothermal
synthesis of nanocrystalline TiO 2 in toluene with surfactant. J Cryst
Growth 257(3–4):309–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0248
(03)01468-4
Larue C, Khodja H, Herlin-Boime N, Brisset F, Flank AM, Fayard B,
Carrière M (2011) Investigation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles
toxicity and uptake by plants. J Phys: Conf Ser 304:012057. https://
doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/304/1/012057
Limmer M, Burken J (2016) Phytovolatilization of organic contaminants. Environ Sci Technol 50(13):6632–6643. https://doi.org/10.
1021/acs.est.5b04113
Long TC, Tajuba J, Sama P, Saleh N, Swartz C, Parker J, Hester S,
Lowry GV, Veronesi B (2007) Nanosize titanium dioxide stimulates reactive oxygen species in brain microglia and damages
neurons in vitro. Environ Health Perspect 115:1631–1637. https://
doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10216
Ma H, Lenz KA, Gao X, Li S, Wallis LK (2019) Comparative toxicity
of a food additive TiO 2 , a bulk TiO 2 , and a nano-sized P 25 to a
model organism the nematode C. elegans. Environ Sci Pollut Res
Int 26:3556–3568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3810-4
Ma X, Yan J (2018) Plant uptake and accumulation of engineered
metallic nanoparticles from lab to field conditions. Curr Opin
Environ Sci Health 6:16–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2018.
07.008
Mahmoodzadeh H, Nabavi M, Kashefi H (2013) Effect of nanoscale
titanium dioxide particles on the germination and growth of canola
(Brassica napus) 25–32
Manesh RR, Grassi G, Bergami E, Marques-Santos LF, Faleri C,
Liberatori G, Corsi I (2018) Co-exposure to titanium dioxide
nanoparticles does not affect cadmium toxicity in radish seeds
(Raphanus sativus). Ecotoxicol Environm Saf 148:359–366. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.051
McDaniel E, Chen I, Balogh E, Yang Y, Ghoshroy S (2013) Structural
analysis of plants exposed to titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles.
Microsc Microanal 19(S2):104–105. https://doi.org/10.1017/
S1431927613002511
Mendez MO, Maier RM (2008) Phyto-stabilization of mine tailings in
arid and semiarid environments an emerging remediation technology. Environ Health Perspect 116(3):278–283. https://doi.org/10.
1289/ehp.10608
Moll J, Okupnik A, Gogos A, Knauer K, Bucheli TD, van der
Heijden MGA (2016) Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on
red clover and its rhizobial symbiont. PLoS ONE 11(5):1–15.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155111
Nadeem M, Tungmunnithum D, Hano C, Abbasi BH, Hashmi SS,
Ahmad W, Zahir A (2018) The current trends in the green syntheses of
titanium oxide nanoparticles and their applications. Green Chem Lett
Rev 11(4):492–502. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2018.1538430
82
K. G. Moodley and V. Arumugam