Hong F, Zhou J, Liu C et al (2005) Effect of Nano-TiO2 on
photochemical reaction of chloroplasts of spinach. Biol Trace Elem
Res 105:269–279. https://doi.org/10.1385/BTER:105:1-3:269
Hou R, Zhang Z, Pang S et al (2016) Alteration of the nonsystemic
behavior of the pesticide ferbam on tea leaves by engineered gold
nanoparticles. Environ Sci Technol 50:6216–6223. https://doi.org/
10.1021/acs.est.6b01336
Iavicoli I, Leso V, Ricciardi W et al (2014) Opportunities and
challenges of nanotechnology in the green economy. Environ
Heal A Glob Access Sci Source 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476069X-13-78
Imada K, Sakai S, Kajihara H et al (2016) Magnesium oxide
nanoparticles induce systemic resistance in tomato against bacterial
wilt disease. Plant Pathol 65:551–560. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.
12443
Iravani S (2011) Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants.
Green Chem 13:2638–2650. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15386b
Jaberzadeh A, Moaveni P, Tohidi Moghadam HR, Zahedi H (2013)
Influence of bulk and nanoparticles titanium foliar application on
some agronomic traits, seed gluten and starch contents of wheat
subjected to water deficit stress. Not Bot Horti Agrobot
Cluj-Napoca 41:201–207. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha4119093
Jo YK, Kim BH, Jung G (2009) Antifungal activity of silver ions and
nanoparticles on phytopathogenic fungi. Plant Dis 93:1037–1043.
https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-93-10-1037
Joshi A, Kaur S, Dharamvir K et al (2018) Multi-walled carbon
nanotubes applied through seed-priming influence early germination, root hair, growth and yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum
L.). J Sci Food Agric 98:3148–3160. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.
8818
Kah M, Hofmann T (2014) Nanopesticide research: current trends and
future priorities. Environ Int 63:224–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
envint.2013.11.015
Kah M, Beulke S, Tiede K, Hofmann T (2013) Nanopesticides: state of
knowledge, environmental fate, and exposure modeling. Crit Rev
Environ Sci Technol 43:1823–1867. https://doi.org/10.1080/
10643389.2012.671750
Kale AP, Gawade SN (2016) Studies on nanoparticle induced nutrient
use eficiency of fertilizer and crop productivity. Green Chem
Technol Lett 2:88. https://doi.org/10.18510/gctl.2016.226
Karn B, Kuiken T, Otto M (2009) Nanotechnology and in situ
remediation: a review of the benefits and potential risks. Environ
Health Perspect 117:1823–1831. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.
0900793
Khiari R (2017) Valorization of agricultural residues for cellulose
nanofibrils production and their use in nanocomposite manufacturing. Int J Polym Sci 2017:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/
6361245
Khodakovskaya M, Dervishi E, Mahmood M, et al (2012a) Erratum:
Carbon nanotubes are able to penetrate plant seed coat and
dramatically affect seed germination and plant growth (ACS Nano
(2009) 3:3221–3227. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn900887m). ACS
Nano 6:7541. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn302965w
Khodakovskaya MV, De Silva K, Biris AS et al (2012) Carbon
nanotubes induce growth enhancement of tobacco cells. ACS Nano
6:2128–2135. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn204643g
Kim SW, Jung JH, Lamsal K et al (2012) Antifungal effects of silver
nanoparticles (AgNPs) against various plant pathogenic fungi.
Mycobiology 40:53–58. https://doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2012.40.1.
053
Kitching M, Ramani M, Marsili E (2015) Fungal biosynthesis of gold
nanoparticles: mechanism and scale up. Microb Biotechnol 8:904–
917. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12151
Kole C, Kole P, Randunu KM et al (2013) Nanobiotechnology can
boost crop production and quality: First evidence from increased
plant biomass, fruit yield and phytomedicine content in bitter melon
(Momordica charantia). BMC Biotechnol 13. https://doi.org/10.
1186/1472-6750-13-37
Kumar S, Ahlawat W, Bhanjana G et al (2014) Nanotechnology-based
water treatment strategies. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 14:1838–1858.
https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2014.9050
Kumar S, Bhanjana G, Sharma A et al (2017) Development of
nanoformulation approaches for the control of weeds. Sci Total
Environ 586:1272–1278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.
02.138
Lahiani MH, Dervishi E, Chen J et al (2013) Impact of carbon nanotube
exposure to seeds of valuable crops. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
5:7965–7973. https://doi.org/10.1021/am402052x
Lateef A, Nazir R, Jamil N et al (2016) Synthesis and characterization
of zeolite based nano-composite: An environment friendly slow
release fertilizer. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 232:174–183.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2016.06.020
Le VT, Bach LG, Pham TT et al (2019) Synthesis and antifungal
activity of chitosan-silver nanocomposite synergize fungicide
against Phytophthora capsici. J Macromol Sci Part A Pure Appl
Chem
56:522–528.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2019.
1586439
Lei Z, Mingyu S, Chao L et al (2007) Effects of nanoanatase TiO 2 on
photosynthesis of spinach chloroplasts under different light illumination. Biol Trace Elem Res 119:68–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s12011-007-0047-3
Lélé SM (1991) Sustainable development: a critical review. World Dev
19:607–621
Li ZZ, Chen JF, Liu F et al (2007) Study of UV-shielding properties of
novel porous hollow silica nanoparticle carriers for avermectin. Pest
Manag Sci 63:241–246. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.1301
Lindblade KA, Walker ED, Onapa AW et al (1999) Highland malaria
in Uganda: prospective analysis of an epidemic associated with El
Niño. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0035-9203(99)90344-9
Linglan M, Chao L, Chunxiang Q et al (2008) Rubisco activase mRNA
expression in spinach: modulation by nanoanatase treatment. Biol
Trace Elem Res 122:168–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-0078069-4
Liu R, Lal R (2014) Synthetic apatite nanoparticles as a phosphorus
fertilizer for soybean (Glycine max). Sci Rep 4. https://doi.org/10.
1038/srep05686
Liu R, Lal R (2015) Potentials of engineered nanoparticles as fertilizers
for increasing agronomic productions. Sci Total Environ 514:131–
139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.104
Liu F, Wen LX, Li ZZ et al (2006) Porous hollow silica nanoparticles
as controlled delivery system for water-soluble pesticide. Mater Res
Bull 41:2268–2275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2006.04.
014
Liu R, Kang Y, Pei L et al (2016) Use of a new controlled-loss-fertilizer
to reduce nitrogen losses during winter wheat cultivation in the
Danjiangkou reservoir area of China. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal
47:1137–1147. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2016.1166245
Liu X, Liao J, Song H et al (2019) A biochar-based route for
environmentally friendly controlled release of nitrogen: urea-loaded
biochar and bentonite composite. Sci Rep 9:9548. https://doi.org/10.
1038/s41598-019-46065-3
Madusanka N, Sandaruwan C, Kottegoda N et al (2017) Urea–
hydroxyapatite-montmorillonite nanohybrid composites as slow
release nitrogen compositions. Appl Clay Sci 150:303–308. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.09.039
Malandrakis AA, Kavroulakis N, Chrysikopoulos CV (2019) Use of
copper, silver and zinc nanoparticles against foliar and soil-borne
plant pathogens. Sci Total Environ 670:292–299. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.210
44
A. Kumar et al.
photochemical reaction of chloroplasts of spinach. Biol Trace Elem
Res 105:269–279. https://doi.org/10.1385/BTER:105:1-3:269
Hou R, Zhang Z, Pang S et al (2016) Alteration of the nonsystemic
behavior of the pesticide ferbam on tea leaves by engineered gold
nanoparticles. Environ Sci Technol 50:6216–6223. https://doi.org/
10.1021/acs.est.6b01336
Iavicoli I, Leso V, Ricciardi W et al (2014) Opportunities and
challenges of nanotechnology in the green economy. Environ
Heal A Glob Access Sci Source 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476069X-13-78
Imada K, Sakai S, Kajihara H et al (2016) Magnesium oxide
nanoparticles induce systemic resistance in tomato against bacterial
wilt disease. Plant Pathol 65:551–560. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.
12443
Iravani S (2011) Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants.
Green Chem 13:2638–2650. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15386b
Jaberzadeh A, Moaveni P, Tohidi Moghadam HR, Zahedi H (2013)
Influence of bulk and nanoparticles titanium foliar application on
some agronomic traits, seed gluten and starch contents of wheat
subjected to water deficit stress. Not Bot Horti Agrobot
Cluj-Napoca 41:201–207. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha4119093
Jo YK, Kim BH, Jung G (2009) Antifungal activity of silver ions and
nanoparticles on phytopathogenic fungi. Plant Dis 93:1037–1043.
https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-93-10-1037
Joshi A, Kaur S, Dharamvir K et al (2018) Multi-walled carbon
nanotubes applied through seed-priming influence early germination, root hair, growth and yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum
L.). J Sci Food Agric 98:3148–3160. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.
8818
Kah M, Hofmann T (2014) Nanopesticide research: current trends and
future priorities. Environ Int 63:224–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
envint.2013.11.015
Kah M, Beulke S, Tiede K, Hofmann T (2013) Nanopesticides: state of
knowledge, environmental fate, and exposure modeling. Crit Rev
Environ Sci Technol 43:1823–1867. https://doi.org/10.1080/
10643389.2012.671750
Kale AP, Gawade SN (2016) Studies on nanoparticle induced nutrient
use eficiency of fertilizer and crop productivity. Green Chem
Technol Lett 2:88. https://doi.org/10.18510/gctl.2016.226
Karn B, Kuiken T, Otto M (2009) Nanotechnology and in situ
remediation: a review of the benefits and potential risks. Environ
Health Perspect 117:1823–1831. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.
0900793
Khiari R (2017) Valorization of agricultural residues for cellulose
nanofibrils production and their use in nanocomposite manufacturing. Int J Polym Sci 2017:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/
6361245
Khodakovskaya M, Dervishi E, Mahmood M, et al (2012a) Erratum:
Carbon nanotubes are able to penetrate plant seed coat and
dramatically affect seed germination and plant growth (ACS Nano
(2009) 3:3221–3227. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn900887m). ACS
Nano 6:7541. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn302965w
Khodakovskaya MV, De Silva K, Biris AS et al (2012) Carbon
nanotubes induce growth enhancement of tobacco cells. ACS Nano
6:2128–2135. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn204643g
Kim SW, Jung JH, Lamsal K et al (2012) Antifungal effects of silver
nanoparticles (AgNPs) against various plant pathogenic fungi.
Mycobiology 40:53–58. https://doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2012.40.1.
053
Kitching M, Ramani M, Marsili E (2015) Fungal biosynthesis of gold
nanoparticles: mechanism and scale up. Microb Biotechnol 8:904–
917. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12151
Kole C, Kole P, Randunu KM et al (2013) Nanobiotechnology can
boost crop production and quality: First evidence from increased
plant biomass, fruit yield and phytomedicine content in bitter melon
(Momordica charantia). BMC Biotechnol 13. https://doi.org/10.
1186/1472-6750-13-37
Kumar S, Ahlawat W, Bhanjana G et al (2014) Nanotechnology-based
water treatment strategies. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 14:1838–1858.
https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2014.9050
Kumar S, Bhanjana G, Sharma A et al (2017) Development of
nanoformulation approaches for the control of weeds. Sci Total
Environ 586:1272–1278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.
02.138
Lahiani MH, Dervishi E, Chen J et al (2013) Impact of carbon nanotube
exposure to seeds of valuable crops. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
5:7965–7973. https://doi.org/10.1021/am402052x
Lateef A, Nazir R, Jamil N et al (2016) Synthesis and characterization
of zeolite based nano-composite: An environment friendly slow
release fertilizer. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 232:174–183.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2016.06.020
Le VT, Bach LG, Pham TT et al (2019) Synthesis and antifungal
activity of chitosan-silver nanocomposite synergize fungicide
against Phytophthora capsici. J Macromol Sci Part A Pure Appl
Chem
56:522–528.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2019.
1586439
Lei Z, Mingyu S, Chao L et al (2007) Effects of nanoanatase TiO 2 on
photosynthesis of spinach chloroplasts under different light illumination. Biol Trace Elem Res 119:68–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s12011-007-0047-3
Lélé SM (1991) Sustainable development: a critical review. World Dev
19:607–621
Li ZZ, Chen JF, Liu F et al (2007) Study of UV-shielding properties of
novel porous hollow silica nanoparticle carriers for avermectin. Pest
Manag Sci 63:241–246. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.1301
Lindblade KA, Walker ED, Onapa AW et al (1999) Highland malaria
in Uganda: prospective analysis of an epidemic associated with El
Niño. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0035-9203(99)90344-9
Linglan M, Chao L, Chunxiang Q et al (2008) Rubisco activase mRNA
expression in spinach: modulation by nanoanatase treatment. Biol
Trace Elem Res 122:168–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-0078069-4
Liu R, Lal R (2014) Synthetic apatite nanoparticles as a phosphorus
fertilizer for soybean (Glycine max). Sci Rep 4. https://doi.org/10.
1038/srep05686
Liu R, Lal R (2015) Potentials of engineered nanoparticles as fertilizers
for increasing agronomic productions. Sci Total Environ 514:131–
139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.104
Liu F, Wen LX, Li ZZ et al (2006) Porous hollow silica nanoparticles
as controlled delivery system for water-soluble pesticide. Mater Res
Bull 41:2268–2275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2006.04.
014
Liu R, Kang Y, Pei L et al (2016) Use of a new controlled-loss-fertilizer
to reduce nitrogen losses during winter wheat cultivation in the
Danjiangkou reservoir area of China. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal
47:1137–1147. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2016.1166245
Liu X, Liao J, Song H et al (2019) A biochar-based route for
environmentally friendly controlled release of nitrogen: urea-loaded
biochar and bentonite composite. Sci Rep 9:9548. https://doi.org/10.
1038/s41598-019-46065-3
Madusanka N, Sandaruwan C, Kottegoda N et al (2017) Urea–
hydroxyapatite-montmorillonite nanohybrid composites as slow
release nitrogen compositions. Appl Clay Sci 150:303–308. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.09.039
Malandrakis AA, Kavroulakis N, Chrysikopoulos CV (2019) Use of
copper, silver and zinc nanoparticles against foliar and soil-borne
plant pathogens. Sci Total Environ 670:292–299. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.210
44
A. Kumar et al.