Interaction of Nanoparticles with Microbes
Sudhir S. Shende, Vishnu D. Rajput, Andrey V. Gorovtsov, Harish,
Pallavi Saxena, Tatiana M. Minkina, Vasiliy A. Chokheli,
Hanuman Singh Jatav, Svetlana N. Sushkova, Pawan Kaur,
and Ridvan Kizilkaya
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a rising area emerged after the
amalgamation of the different advanced scientific fields
of physics, chemistry and biology, and it has resulted in
engineering of nanoparticles (1–100 nm) and their applications. These nanoparticles have an extensive utility in
electronic circuits, biochemical sensors, pharmaceuticals,
agriculture, cosmetic industry, therapeutic medical
science, garment, food industry, etc. The market of
nanoparticles is growing substantially, and many different
types of nanoparticles and nanoparticle-based products
have launched in the recent past. At the same time,
unprecedented increases in the usage of nanoparticles
have raised concerns over their ultimate release in the
ecosystem, posing serious health hazards and environmental impact. The consequences may be more pronounced because of higher surface area against the mass
ratio for the nanoparticles than bulk chemistry bestowing
them unique physicochemical, electrical, optical and
biological properties. Interaction of nanoparticles to the
microbes is, therefore, vital to interpret the influence of
nanoparticles on the aquatic bodies and soil health. In this
regard, it is crucial to know the stability of nanoparticles,
and better to understand the interaction and resulting
toxicity mechanisms of nanoparticles to the microbes. In
the present chapter, we have discussed these aspects with
critical insights. Further, antimicrobial and antifungal
properties of the nanoparticles are elaborated with a focus
on the toxicity mechanism. The impact of nanoparticles
could be influenced by the concentration, size, shape, etc.
The toxicity mechanisms include inactivation of enzymes
because of the interaction of thiol group, oxidative stress
leading to surge in reactive oxygen species, restricted
nutrient availability due to the aggregation of nanoparticles on the microbial surfaces, ultrastructural membranes,
subcellular organelles and DNA damage. Understanding
the complex nature of the interaction between the
consortium of diverse microorganisms with nanoparticles
is thoroughly debated in this chapter.
Keywords
Ecosystem Á Interaction Á Mechanism Á Microbes Á
Nanoparticles Á Toxicity
1 Introduction
Nanotechnology mainly deals with the studies involving the
fabrication, manipulation and utilization of nanoparticles
(NPs; size between 1 and 100 nm) in different areas such as
medical science, pharmaceuticals, electronics, textile, biochemical sensors and other allied areas. Several chemical
and physical methods are developed for NPs synthesis with
some merits and demerits. Chemical methods involve the
use of solvents as reducing agent for NPs synthesis, but
S. S. Shende Á V. D. Rajput (&) Á A. V. Gorovtsov Á T. M.
Minkina Á V. A. Chokheli Á S. N. Sushkova
Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal
University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
e-mail: rajput.vishnu@gmail.com
S. S. Shende
Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology,
Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, 444602,
Maharashtra, India
Harish Á P. Saxena
Department of Botany, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur,
Rajasthan 313001, India
H. S. Jatav
Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Rajasthan
303329, India
P. Kaur
Centre of Excellence in Agriculture for Nanotechnology,
Teri-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and
Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, India
R. Kizilkaya
Ondokuz MayısÜniversitesi, Samsun, Turkey
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
P. Singh et al. (eds.), Plant-Microbes-Engineered Nano-particles (PM-ENPs) Nexus in Agro-Ecosystems,
Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66956-0_12
175
Sudhir S. Shende, Vishnu D. Rajput, Andrey V. Gorovtsov, Harish,
Pallavi Saxena, Tatiana M. Minkina, Vasiliy A. Chokheli,
Hanuman Singh Jatav, Svetlana N. Sushkova, Pawan Kaur,
and Ridvan Kizilkaya
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a rising area emerged after the
amalgamation of the different advanced scientific fields
of physics, chemistry and biology, and it has resulted in
engineering of nanoparticles (1–100 nm) and their applications. These nanoparticles have an extensive utility in
electronic circuits, biochemical sensors, pharmaceuticals,
agriculture, cosmetic industry, therapeutic medical
science, garment, food industry, etc. The market of
nanoparticles is growing substantially, and many different
types of nanoparticles and nanoparticle-based products
have launched in the recent past. At the same time,
unprecedented increases in the usage of nanoparticles
have raised concerns over their ultimate release in the
ecosystem, posing serious health hazards and environmental impact. The consequences may be more pronounced because of higher surface area against the mass
ratio for the nanoparticles than bulk chemistry bestowing
them unique physicochemical, electrical, optical and
biological properties. Interaction of nanoparticles to the
microbes is, therefore, vital to interpret the influence of
nanoparticles on the aquatic bodies and soil health. In this
regard, it is crucial to know the stability of nanoparticles,
and better to understand the interaction and resulting
toxicity mechanisms of nanoparticles to the microbes. In
the present chapter, we have discussed these aspects with
critical insights. Further, antimicrobial and antifungal
properties of the nanoparticles are elaborated with a focus
on the toxicity mechanism. The impact of nanoparticles
could be influenced by the concentration, size, shape, etc.
The toxicity mechanisms include inactivation of enzymes
because of the interaction of thiol group, oxidative stress
leading to surge in reactive oxygen species, restricted
nutrient availability due to the aggregation of nanoparticles on the microbial surfaces, ultrastructural membranes,
subcellular organelles and DNA damage. Understanding
the complex nature of the interaction between the
consortium of diverse microorganisms with nanoparticles
is thoroughly debated in this chapter.
Keywords
Ecosystem Á Interaction Á Mechanism Á Microbes Á
Nanoparticles Á Toxicity
1 Introduction
Nanotechnology mainly deals with the studies involving the
fabrication, manipulation and utilization of nanoparticles
(NPs; size between 1 and 100 nm) in different areas such as
medical science, pharmaceuticals, electronics, textile, biochemical sensors and other allied areas. Several chemical
and physical methods are developed for NPs synthesis with
some merits and demerits. Chemical methods involve the
use of solvents as reducing agent for NPs synthesis, but
S. S. Shende Á V. D. Rajput (&) Á A. V. Gorovtsov Á T. M.
Minkina Á V. A. Chokheli Á S. N. Sushkova
Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal
University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
e-mail: rajput.vishnu@gmail.com
S. S. Shende
Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology,
Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, 444602,
Maharashtra, India
Harish Á P. Saxena
Department of Botany, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur,
Rajasthan 313001, India
H. S. Jatav
Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Rajasthan
303329, India
P. Kaur
Centre of Excellence in Agriculture for Nanotechnology,
Teri-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and
Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, India
R. Kizilkaya
Ondokuz MayısÜniversitesi, Samsun, Turkey
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
P. Singh et al. (eds.), Plant-Microbes-Engineered Nano-particles (PM-ENPs) Nexus in Agro-Ecosystems,
Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66956-0_12
175