References
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67. Williamson K, McCarty PL (1976) A model of substrate utilization by bacterial films 48(1):9–
23
68. Rittmann BE, McCarty Perry L (1980) Model of steady state biofilm kinetics. Biotechnol
Bioeng XXII:2343–2357
69. Huang JS, Jih CG (1997) Deep biofilm kinetics of substrate utilization in anaerobic filters.
Water Res 31(9):2309–2317
70. Kim BR, Suidan MT (1988) Approximate algebraic solution for a biofilm model with the
monod kinetic expression. Water Res 23(12):1491–1498
71. Heath MS, Wirtel SA, Rittmann BE (1990) Simplified design of biofilm processes using
normalized loading curves. Water Pollution Control Federation 62:185–191
72. Saez PB, Rittmann BE (1991) Accurate pseudo analytical solutions for steady state biofilm.
Biotech Bioengg 39:790–793
73. Pritchett LA, Dockery JD (2001) Steady state solutions of a one dimensional biofilm model.
Math Comput Modell 33:255–263
74. Hsien TY, Lin YH (2005) Biodegradation of phenolic wastewater in a fixed biofilm reactor.
Biochem Eng J 27:95–103
75. Perez J, Picioreanu C, Loosdrecht MV (2005) Modeling biofilm and flock diffusion processes
based on analytical solution of reaction-diffusion equations. Water Res 39:1311–1323
76. Wik T, Goransson E, Breitholtz C (2006) Low model order approximations of continuously
stirred biofilm reactors with Monod kinetics. Biochem Eng J 30:16–25
77. Eswari S, Modi A, Kapoor DP, Venkateswarlu C (2012) Modelling of fixed bed biofilm reactor
treating pharmaceutical industry wastewater. In: Conference paper in chemical engineering
sciences, IICT, Hyderabad
78. Sarkar S, Mazumder D (2015) Process design and application of aerobic hybrid bioreactor in
the treatment of municipal wastewater. Int J Chem Nucl Mater ialsand Metall Eng World Acad
Sci Eng Technol 9(3):466–470
79. Lee C-Y (1992) Model for biological reactors having suspended and attached growths. J Environ
Eng 118(6):982–987
80. Sriwiriyarat T (1999) Computer programme development for the design of IFAS wastewater
treatment processes. M.S.Thesis, Virginia Tech, Blacksburgs, VA 24061, pp 1540–1549
81. Fadel M, Ibrahim A, Ayoub G (2002) Aerobic hybrid growth process modeling: a parametric
sensitivity analysis. In: Proceedings of international symposium on environmental pollution
control and waste management, pp 333–348
82. Pai TY, Chuang SH, Tsai YP, Yuyang CF (2004) Modelling a combined anaerobc/anoxic
oxide and rotating biological contactors process under dissolved oxygen variation by using an
activated sludge-biofilm hybrid model. J Env Eng 130(12):1433–1441
83. Sriwiriyarat T et al (2005) Computer program development for the design of integrated fixed
film activated sludge wastewater treatment processes. J Environ Eng 131(11):1540–1549
84. Boltz JP, Johnson BR, Daigger GT, Sandino J (2009) Modeling integrated fixed-film activated sludge and moving- bed biofilm reactor systems i: mathematical treatment and model
development. Water Environ Res 81(6):555–575
85. Metcalf L, Eddy HP (2013) Wastewater engineering. A text book, Reprint 21st
86. Majdabadi MM (2011) New modification for wastewater treatment plant. Int Conf Environ
Agricul Eng IPCBEE 15:130–133
87. Mardani S et al (2011) Determination of biokinetic coefficients for activated sludge processes
on municipal wastewater. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 8(1):25–34
88. Daniel D, Christensso M, Odegaard H (2011) Hybrid/activated sludge/biofilm process for the
treatment of municipal waste water. Water Sci Technol 63(6):1121-1129. doi: https://doi.org/
10.2166/wst.2011.350
89. Hinson RK, Kocher WM (1996) Model for effective diffusivities in aerobic biofilms. ASCE J
Environ Eng ASCE 122(11):1023–1030
39
67. Williamson K, McCarty PL (1976) A model of substrate utilization by bacterial films 48(1):9–
23
68. Rittmann BE, McCarty Perry L (1980) Model of steady state biofilm kinetics. Biotechnol
Bioeng XXII:2343–2357
69. Huang JS, Jih CG (1997) Deep biofilm kinetics of substrate utilization in anaerobic filters.
Water Res 31(9):2309–2317
70. Kim BR, Suidan MT (1988) Approximate algebraic solution for a biofilm model with the
monod kinetic expression. Water Res 23(12):1491–1498
71. Heath MS, Wirtel SA, Rittmann BE (1990) Simplified design of biofilm processes using
normalized loading curves. Water Pollution Control Federation 62:185–191
72. Saez PB, Rittmann BE (1991) Accurate pseudo analytical solutions for steady state biofilm.
Biotech Bioengg 39:790–793
73. Pritchett LA, Dockery JD (2001) Steady state solutions of a one dimensional biofilm model.
Math Comput Modell 33:255–263
74. Hsien TY, Lin YH (2005) Biodegradation of phenolic wastewater in a fixed biofilm reactor.
Biochem Eng J 27:95–103
75. Perez J, Picioreanu C, Loosdrecht MV (2005) Modeling biofilm and flock diffusion processes
based on analytical solution of reaction-diffusion equations. Water Res 39:1311–1323
76. Wik T, Goransson E, Breitholtz C (2006) Low model order approximations of continuously
stirred biofilm reactors with Monod kinetics. Biochem Eng J 30:16–25
77. Eswari S, Modi A, Kapoor DP, Venkateswarlu C (2012) Modelling of fixed bed biofilm reactor
treating pharmaceutical industry wastewater. In: Conference paper in chemical engineering
sciences, IICT, Hyderabad
78. Sarkar S, Mazumder D (2015) Process design and application of aerobic hybrid bioreactor in
the treatment of municipal wastewater. Int J Chem Nucl Mater ialsand Metall Eng World Acad
Sci Eng Technol 9(3):466–470
79. Lee C-Y (1992) Model for biological reactors having suspended and attached growths. J Environ
Eng 118(6):982–987
80. Sriwiriyarat T (1999) Computer programme development for the design of IFAS wastewater
treatment processes. M.S.Thesis, Virginia Tech, Blacksburgs, VA 24061, pp 1540–1549
81. Fadel M, Ibrahim A, Ayoub G (2002) Aerobic hybrid growth process modeling: a parametric
sensitivity analysis. In: Proceedings of international symposium on environmental pollution
control and waste management, pp 333–348
82. Pai TY, Chuang SH, Tsai YP, Yuyang CF (2004) Modelling a combined anaerobc/anoxic
oxide and rotating biological contactors process under dissolved oxygen variation by using an
activated sludge-biofilm hybrid model. J Env Eng 130(12):1433–1441
83. Sriwiriyarat T et al (2005) Computer program development for the design of integrated fixed
film activated sludge wastewater treatment processes. J Environ Eng 131(11):1540–1549
84. Boltz JP, Johnson BR, Daigger GT, Sandino J (2009) Modeling integrated fixed-film activated sludge and moving- bed biofilm reactor systems i: mathematical treatment and model
development. Water Environ Res 81(6):555–575
85. Metcalf L, Eddy HP (2013) Wastewater engineering. A text book, Reprint 21st
86. Majdabadi MM (2011) New modification for wastewater treatment plant. Int Conf Environ
Agricul Eng IPCBEE 15:130–133
87. Mardani S et al (2011) Determination of biokinetic coefficients for activated sludge processes
on municipal wastewater. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 8(1):25–34
88. Daniel D, Christensso M, Odegaard H (2011) Hybrid/activated sludge/biofilm process for the
treatment of municipal waste water. Water Sci Technol 63(6):1121-1129. doi: https://doi.org/
10.2166/wst.2011.350
89. Hinson RK, Kocher WM (1996) Model for effective diffusivities in aerobic biofilms. ASCE J
Environ Eng ASCE 122(11):1023–1030