Modern Advancement of Nanotechnology
Over Conventional Drug Therapies
Tania Pal, Bhuban Ruidas, and Chitrangada Das Mukhopadhyay
Abstract Conventional drug therapies have a lot of drawbacks such as limited drug
solubility, poor biodistribution, lack of selectivity, and unfavorable pharmacokinetics.
Nanotechnology has been proved to be an excellent platform for overcoming these
challenges, which mainly deals with measuring, imaging, modeling, and manipulating matter at a length of nanometer scale. A zero-dimensional (0D) structure and
small diameter (<10 nm) are the most desired nature of a matter for providing the
significant biological as well as therapeutic results. Herein, we have discussed the
importance of nanobiotechnology in targeted diagnosis and treatment against various
diseases using nanoscale drug carriers. Some of the threatening diseases targeting by
direct drug delivery are quite difficult due to the inability in specific target identification and carrying capacity. Based on proof of concept, the carbon nano-onions (CNO)
is one of the most efficient nanocarrier systems as it is highly capable of acting as a
platform for the attachment of several targeted drugs, ligands, or both to encounter
the diseases more efficiently. Again, the CNO-conjugated drug and ligand delivery
are less studied at the early stage of development. In this scenario, our primary goal
is to explore the future possibilities of CNO along with our present findings. We have
further elaborated and illustrated the art of this emerging field as the most promising
carrier system for therapeutic target.
Keywords Conventional drug therapies · Pharmacokinetics · Nanobiotechnology ·
Carbon nano-onions · Therapeutic
T. Pal · B. Ruidas · C. Das Mukhopadhyay (B)
Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and
Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
e-mail: chitrangadadas@yahoo.com
T. Pal
e-mail: taniapal58@gmail.com
B. Ruidas
e-mail: bhubo18@gmail.com
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
D. Ramkrishna et al. (eds.), Advances in Bioprocess Engineering and Technology,
Lecture Notes in Bioengineering,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7409-2_50
493
Over Conventional Drug Therapies
Tania Pal, Bhuban Ruidas, and Chitrangada Das Mukhopadhyay
Abstract Conventional drug therapies have a lot of drawbacks such as limited drug
solubility, poor biodistribution, lack of selectivity, and unfavorable pharmacokinetics.
Nanotechnology has been proved to be an excellent platform for overcoming these
challenges, which mainly deals with measuring, imaging, modeling, and manipulating matter at a length of nanometer scale. A zero-dimensional (0D) structure and
small diameter (<10 nm) are the most desired nature of a matter for providing the
significant biological as well as therapeutic results. Herein, we have discussed the
importance of nanobiotechnology in targeted diagnosis and treatment against various
diseases using nanoscale drug carriers. Some of the threatening diseases targeting by
direct drug delivery are quite difficult due to the inability in specific target identification and carrying capacity. Based on proof of concept, the carbon nano-onions (CNO)
is one of the most efficient nanocarrier systems as it is highly capable of acting as a
platform for the attachment of several targeted drugs, ligands, or both to encounter
the diseases more efficiently. Again, the CNO-conjugated drug and ligand delivery
are less studied at the early stage of development. In this scenario, our primary goal
is to explore the future possibilities of CNO along with our present findings. We have
further elaborated and illustrated the art of this emerging field as the most promising
carrier system for therapeutic target.
Keywords Conventional drug therapies · Pharmacokinetics · Nanobiotechnology ·
Carbon nano-onions · Therapeutic
T. Pal · B. Ruidas · C. Das Mukhopadhyay (B)
Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and
Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
e-mail: chitrangadadas@yahoo.com
T. Pal
e-mail: taniapal58@gmail.com
B. Ruidas
e-mail: bhubo18@gmail.com
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
D. Ramkrishna et al. (eds.), Advances in Bioprocess Engineering and Technology,
Lecture Notes in Bioengineering,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7409-2_50
493