Optimization of Process Parameters for Biodegradation …
371
4 Conclusions
Mixed bacterial culture (MBC) in the present study was grown in a media containing
resorcinol as the sole carbon source in presence of heavy metals (Cr (VI), Pb, and
Hg). Chromium (VI) and mercury in the media had enhanced the growth of bacteria
while lead had interfered with the above process. Growth of mixed bacterial culture
was found to be maximum in the presence of Chromium (VI) in the media.
It was also observed that rate of biodegradation of resorcinol increased in presence
of heavy metals. Removal efficiency of resorcinol by the mixed bacterial culture was
found to be maximum in presence of 50 ppm chromium (VI) in the media, followed
by lead and mercury.
The optimum process parameters as obtained from DesignExpert 11.0 were
50 ppm of Cr (VI), 50 ppm of Pb, 50 ppm of Hg under aerated condition. The
optimum removal efficiency as obtained by the above design was 90.83%.
Compliance with Ethical Standards Research Involving Human Participants and/or Animals
This chapter does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of
the authors.
Informed Consent Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in
the study. The soil used in this study had been collected from the outermost discharge area of the
treated tannery effluent, which was outside the tannery premises. Hence no formal permission was
needed for collection of soil samples from plant authority.
Conflict of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
References
Anyanwu CU, Ezaka E (2011) Growth responses of chromium (VI) tolerant bacteria to different
concentrations of chromium. Int J Sci Basic Appl Res 11(5):41–44
Chakraborty B (2016) Kinetic study of degradation of p-nitro phenol by a mixed bacterial culture
and its constituent pure strains. Mater Today Proc 3(10):3505–3524
Das N, Chandran P (2011) Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants: an
overview. Biotechnol Res Int 2011:1–13
Focardi S, Pepi M, Focardi SE (2013) Microbial reduction of hexavalent chromium as a mechanism
of detoxification and possible bioremediation applications. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/
56365
Kortesha D, Vidyasagar GM (2007) Isolation and characterization of phenol degrading pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 4996. World J Biotechnol 24:541–547
Kucharzyk KH, Deshusses MA, Porter KA, Hsu-Kim H (2015) Relative contributions of mercury
bioavailability and microbial growth rate on net methylmercury production by anaerobic mixed
cultures. Environ Sci Process Impacts 17(9):1568–1577
Laura G, Villegas C, Mashhadi N, Chen M, Mukherjee D, Taylor KE, Biswas N (2016) A short
review of techniques for phenol removal from wastewater. Curr Pollut Rep 2:157–167
371
4 Conclusions
Mixed bacterial culture (MBC) in the present study was grown in a media containing
resorcinol as the sole carbon source in presence of heavy metals (Cr (VI), Pb, and
Hg). Chromium (VI) and mercury in the media had enhanced the growth of bacteria
while lead had interfered with the above process. Growth of mixed bacterial culture
was found to be maximum in the presence of Chromium (VI) in the media.
It was also observed that rate of biodegradation of resorcinol increased in presence
of heavy metals. Removal efficiency of resorcinol by the mixed bacterial culture was
found to be maximum in presence of 50 ppm chromium (VI) in the media, followed
by lead and mercury.
The optimum process parameters as obtained from DesignExpert 11.0 were
50 ppm of Cr (VI), 50 ppm of Pb, 50 ppm of Hg under aerated condition. The
optimum removal efficiency as obtained by the above design was 90.83%.
Compliance with Ethical Standards Research Involving Human Participants and/or Animals
This chapter does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of
the authors.
Informed Consent Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in
the study. The soil used in this study had been collected from the outermost discharge area of the
treated tannery effluent, which was outside the tannery premises. Hence no formal permission was
needed for collection of soil samples from plant authority.
Conflict of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
References
Anyanwu CU, Ezaka E (2011) Growth responses of chromium (VI) tolerant bacteria to different
concentrations of chromium. Int J Sci Basic Appl Res 11(5):41–44
Chakraborty B (2016) Kinetic study of degradation of p-nitro phenol by a mixed bacterial culture
and its constituent pure strains. Mater Today Proc 3(10):3505–3524
Das N, Chandran P (2011) Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants: an
overview. Biotechnol Res Int 2011:1–13
Focardi S, Pepi M, Focardi SE (2013) Microbial reduction of hexavalent chromium as a mechanism
of detoxification and possible bioremediation applications. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/
56365
Kortesha D, Vidyasagar GM (2007) Isolation and characterization of phenol degrading pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 4996. World J Biotechnol 24:541–547
Kucharzyk KH, Deshusses MA, Porter KA, Hsu-Kim H (2015) Relative contributions of mercury
bioavailability and microbial growth rate on net methylmercury production by anaerobic mixed
cultures. Environ Sci Process Impacts 17(9):1568–1577
Laura G, Villegas C, Mashhadi N, Chen M, Mukherjee D, Taylor KE, Biswas N (2016) A short
review of techniques for phenol removal from wastewater. Curr Pollut Rep 2:157–167