62
J. Karloopia et al.
Conclusions
1. It is concluded from the present study on friction stir welded in situ 3%TiB 2 /Al12Si composites using combination of different process parameters that the peak
ultimate tensile strength of 141.153 MPa was achieved for the Tool Variant # 1
with tool rotational speed of 708 rpm and tool welding speed of 20 mm/min.
2. It was also observed that the peak elongation of 6.91% was attained with the
combination of tool variant # 1 at a tool rotational speed of 708 rpm and tool
welding speed of 20 mm/min. A peak microhardness of 90.10 HV was observed
for the Tool Variant # 2 for a tool rotation speed of 931 rpm and tool welding
speed of 20 mm/min and measured over a weld cross-section.
3. The tool welding speed was the most significant factor influencing or governing
both ultimate tensile strength and elongation. Both the tool variant and the rotation
of the tool were significant and contributing for the case of microhardness.
4. The predicted values obtained from multiple regression equation for ultimate
tensile strength, elongation, and microhardness were reasonably close to the
experimental values.
5. The percentage error was between 1.06 and 5.94 for UTS, 0.44 and 3.98 for
elongation and 2.57 and 8.02 for microhardness.
References
1. Mozammil S, Karloopia J, Verma R, Jha PK (2020) Mechanical response of friction stir butt
weld Al-4.5%Cu/TiB2/2.5p in situ composite: statistical modelling and optimization. J Alloys
Compd 826:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154184
2. Srivatsan TS, Ibrahim IA, Mohamed FA, Lavernia EJ (1991) Processing techniques for
particulate-reinforced metal aluminium matrix composites. J Mater Sci 26:1137–1156. https://
doi.org/10.1007/BF01113872
3. Li J, Zhao G, Wu S, Huang Z, Lü S, Chen Q, Li F (2019) Preparation of hybrid particulates
SiCnp and Mg2Si reinforced Al-Cu matrix composites. Mater Sci Eng A 751:107–114. https://
doi.org/10.1016/J.MSEA.2019.02.076
4. Campbell FC (2010) Introduction to composite materials. Struct Compos Mater 1–29. https://
doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
5. Sujith SV, Mulik RS (2020) Thermal history analysis and structure-property validation of
friction stir welded Al-7079-TiC in-situ metal matrix composites. J Alloys Compd 812:152131.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152131
6. Karloopia J, Mozammil S, Jha P (2019) Machinability, modelling and statistical analysis of
In-Situ Al–Si–TiB2 composites. J Compos Sci 3:28
7. Koilraj M, Sundareswaran V, Vijayan S, Koteswara Rao SR (2012) Friction stir welding of
dissimilar aluminum alloys AA2219 to AA5083 - optimization of process parameters using
Taguchi technique. Mater Des 42:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.02.016
8. Oliveira JP, Duarte JF, Inácio P, Schell N, Miranda RM, Santos TG (2017) Production of Al/NiTi
composites by friction stir welding assisted by electrical current. Mater Des 113:311–318.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.10.038
J. Karloopia et al.
Conclusions
1. It is concluded from the present study on friction stir welded in situ 3%TiB 2 /Al12Si composites using combination of different process parameters that the peak
ultimate tensile strength of 141.153 MPa was achieved for the Tool Variant # 1
with tool rotational speed of 708 rpm and tool welding speed of 20 mm/min.
2. It was also observed that the peak elongation of 6.91% was attained with the
combination of tool variant # 1 at a tool rotational speed of 708 rpm and tool
welding speed of 20 mm/min. A peak microhardness of 90.10 HV was observed
for the Tool Variant # 2 for a tool rotation speed of 931 rpm and tool welding
speed of 20 mm/min and measured over a weld cross-section.
3. The tool welding speed was the most significant factor influencing or governing
both ultimate tensile strength and elongation. Both the tool variant and the rotation
of the tool were significant and contributing for the case of microhardness.
4. The predicted values obtained from multiple regression equation for ultimate
tensile strength, elongation, and microhardness were reasonably close to the
experimental values.
5. The percentage error was between 1.06 and 5.94 for UTS, 0.44 and 3.98 for
elongation and 2.57 and 8.02 for microhardness.
References
1. Mozammil S, Karloopia J, Verma R, Jha PK (2020) Mechanical response of friction stir butt
weld Al-4.5%Cu/TiB2/2.5p in situ composite: statistical modelling and optimization. J Alloys
Compd 826:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154184
2. Srivatsan TS, Ibrahim IA, Mohamed FA, Lavernia EJ (1991) Processing techniques for
particulate-reinforced metal aluminium matrix composites. J Mater Sci 26:1137–1156. https://
doi.org/10.1007/BF01113872
3. Li J, Zhao G, Wu S, Huang Z, Lü S, Chen Q, Li F (2019) Preparation of hybrid particulates
SiCnp and Mg2Si reinforced Al-Cu matrix composites. Mater Sci Eng A 751:107–114. https://
doi.org/10.1016/J.MSEA.2019.02.076
4. Campbell FC (2010) Introduction to composite materials. Struct Compos Mater 1–29. https://
doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
5. Sujith SV, Mulik RS (2020) Thermal history analysis and structure-property validation of
friction stir welded Al-7079-TiC in-situ metal matrix composites. J Alloys Compd 812:152131.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152131
6. Karloopia J, Mozammil S, Jha P (2019) Machinability, modelling and statistical analysis of
In-Situ Al–Si–TiB2 composites. J Compos Sci 3:28
7. Koilraj M, Sundareswaran V, Vijayan S, Koteswara Rao SR (2012) Friction stir welding of
dissimilar aluminum alloys AA2219 to AA5083 - optimization of process parameters using
Taguchi technique. Mater Des 42:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.02.016
8. Oliveira JP, Duarte JF, Inácio P, Schell N, Miranda RM, Santos TG (2017) Production of Al/NiTi
composites by friction stir welding assisted by electrical current. Mater Des 113:311–318.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.10.038