Role of Microstructure on the Potential of MAX and MAB Phases …
29
and TiC which were indented by 10 kg load. Based on the high damage tolerance
and hardness of these composites, the authors proposed that these materials can be
used for tribo-senstive applications like bearings. Gonzalez-Juliana and co-workers
[83] designed Cr 2 AlC matrix composites by reinforcing them with 5 and 10 wt% SiC
fibers. They observed enhanced tribological performance in these solids where the
wear resistance increased by 70–80% irrespective of the applied load. These types of
composites are especially promising as the properties intrinsic to MAX phases can
be further complemented with the addition of ceramic particulates and fibers.
Design of Composites by Orientation of MAX Phase Particles
(Type-V) or Forming Laminate Structures (Type-VI) with 3-0
Connectivity
Murugaiah et al. [72] demonstrated the oriented Ti 3 SiC 2 layers can be formed by
tape casting. Sakka and co-workers [73–75] demonstrated that MAX phase particles
can be oriented by magnetic field. Yu and co-workers [77] synthesized Magnesium
composites textured with 10 vol% Ti 2 AlC particles by stir casting and subsequent
hot extrusion method. They observed anisotropic fracture of these composites, where
they showed evidence of delamination of Ti 2 AlC in the direction perpendicular to
the extrusion axis. Figure 1e shows the schematics of such a composite. In a later
study, Yu and co-workers [78] reported that AZ91D alloy reinforced with 10 vol%
Ti 2 AlC has a ultimate compressive strength (UCS) of ~510 MPa and ~400 MPa when
tested parallel and perpendicular to the extruded axis, respectively, as compared to
~396 MPa and ~355 MPa parallel and perpendicular to the extruded axis, respectively
in the base alloy. Tran and co-workers [79] manufactured Ni, Al, and Ni-Ti 3 SiC 2
layers by tape casting. They interleaved tape cast layers of Ni-Ti 3 SiC 2 with Ni or
Ni-Ti 3 SiC 2 with Al and Ni to design laminated composites. Figure 1f shows the
schematics of these types of layered composites. They observed anisotropic and
triboactive behavior in these composites. These studies show that anisotropic MAX
phase particles can be used like reinforcements for enhancing properties along a
desired direction. These developments beg the development of MAX phase-based
fibers for reinforcement.
A Case Study on Design of Ti 3 AlC 2 Particulates
by Controlled Etching
Naguib and co-workers [20] reported for the first time, the synthesis of MXenes by
complete removal of Al from Ti 3 AlC 2 lattice by using HF. Mashtalir and co-workers
[101] studied the etching kinetics of Ti 3 AlC 2 in HF (HF, 48–51 wt%). They pointed
that 39° (104) peak of Ti 3 AlC 2 is the required peak to monitor the decomposition
29
and TiC which were indented by 10 kg load. Based on the high damage tolerance
and hardness of these composites, the authors proposed that these materials can be
used for tribo-senstive applications like bearings. Gonzalez-Juliana and co-workers
[83] designed Cr 2 AlC matrix composites by reinforcing them with 5 and 10 wt% SiC
fibers. They observed enhanced tribological performance in these solids where the
wear resistance increased by 70–80% irrespective of the applied load. These types of
composites are especially promising as the properties intrinsic to MAX phases can
be further complemented with the addition of ceramic particulates and fibers.
Design of Composites by Orientation of MAX Phase Particles
(Type-V) or Forming Laminate Structures (Type-VI) with 3-0
Connectivity
Murugaiah et al. [72] demonstrated the oriented Ti 3 SiC 2 layers can be formed by
tape casting. Sakka and co-workers [73–75] demonstrated that MAX phase particles
can be oriented by magnetic field. Yu and co-workers [77] synthesized Magnesium
composites textured with 10 vol% Ti 2 AlC particles by stir casting and subsequent
hot extrusion method. They observed anisotropic fracture of these composites, where
they showed evidence of delamination of Ti 2 AlC in the direction perpendicular to
the extrusion axis. Figure 1e shows the schematics of such a composite. In a later
study, Yu and co-workers [78] reported that AZ91D alloy reinforced with 10 vol%
Ti 2 AlC has a ultimate compressive strength (UCS) of ~510 MPa and ~400 MPa when
tested parallel and perpendicular to the extruded axis, respectively, as compared to
~396 MPa and ~355 MPa parallel and perpendicular to the extruded axis, respectively
in the base alloy. Tran and co-workers [79] manufactured Ni, Al, and Ni-Ti 3 SiC 2
layers by tape casting. They interleaved tape cast layers of Ni-Ti 3 SiC 2 with Ni or
Ni-Ti 3 SiC 2 with Al and Ni to design laminated composites. Figure 1f shows the
schematics of these types of layered composites. They observed anisotropic and
triboactive behavior in these composites. These studies show that anisotropic MAX
phase particles can be used like reinforcements for enhancing properties along a
desired direction. These developments beg the development of MAX phase-based
fibers for reinforcement.
A Case Study on Design of Ti 3 AlC 2 Particulates
by Controlled Etching
Naguib and co-workers [20] reported for the first time, the synthesis of MXenes by
complete removal of Al from Ti 3 AlC 2 lattice by using HF. Mashtalir and co-workers
[101] studied the etching kinetics of Ti 3 AlC 2 in HF (HF, 48–51 wt%). They pointed
that 39° (104) peak of Ti 3 AlC 2 is the required peak to monitor the decomposition