A Comparative Study on the Effect of Graphene and Multi-walled …
159
(d) The ratio of the intensities of the D- and G-peaks (I D /I G ) attained from
Raman spectroscopy analysis of the fractured nugget regions increased with the
welding energy. This shows the relative increase in D-peak strength and simultaneously the disorderness developed in the entrapped graphene nanoplatelets
/multi-walled carbon nanotubes during the welding process.
(e) The hardness increment of the graphene nanoplatelets/multi-walled carbon
nanotubes interlayered specimens could be ascribed to the shared effect of
numerous strengthening mechanisms owing to the existence of graphene
nanoplatelets/multi-walled carbon nanotubes entangled or embedded in the iron
matrix and also due to grain refinement.
References
1. Goodarzi M, Marashi SPH, Pouranvari M (2009) Dependence of overload performance on
weld attributes for resistance spot welded galvanized low carbon steel. J Mater Process Technol
209:4379–4384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.11.017
2. Chabok A, van der Aa E, De Hosson JTM, Pei YT (2017) Mechanical behavior and failure
mechanism of resistance spot welded DP1000 dual phase steel. Mater Des 124:171–182. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.03.070
3. Chen J, Yuan X, Hu Z, Sun C, Zhang YY, Zhang YY (2016) Microstructure and mechanical
properties of resistance-spot-welded joints for A5052 aluminum alloy and DP 600 steel. Mater
Charact 120:45–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2016.08.015
4. Sharma A, Sharma VM, Sahoo B, Joseph J, Paul J (2019) Effect of exfoliated few-layered
graphene on corrosion and mechanical behaviour of the graphitized Al–SiC surface composite
fabricated by FSP. Bull Mater Sci 42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-019-1885-2
5. Hashemi R, Pashazadeh H, Hamedi M (2012) An incrementally coupled thermo-electromechanical model for resistance spot welding. Mater Manuf Process 27:1442–1449. https://
doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2012.718470
6. Zhang Y, Luo Z, Li Y, Liu ZM, Huang ZY (2015) Microstructure characterization and tensile
properties of Mg/Al dissimilar joints manufactured by thermo-compensated resistance spot
welding with Zn interlayer. Mater Des 75:166–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.
03.030
7. Arghavani MRR, Movahedi M, Kokabi AHH (2016) Role of zinc layer in resistance spot
welding of aluminium to steel. Mater Des 102:106–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.
04.033
8. Sun M, Niknejad ST, Zhang G, Lee MK, Wu L, Zhou Y (2015) Microstructure and mechanical properties of resistance spot welded AZ31/AA5754 using a nickel interlayer. Mater Des
87:905–913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.097
9. Sun M, Niknejad ST, Gao H, Wu L, Zhou Y (2016) Mechanical properties of dissimilar
resistance spot welds of aluminum to magnesium with Sn-coated steel interlayer. Mater Des
91:331–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.11.121
10. Zhang W, Sun D, Han L, Liu D (2014) Interfacial microstructure and mechanical property
of resistance spot welded joint of high strength steel and aluminium alloy with 4047 AlSi12
interlayer. Mater Des 57:186–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.12.045
11. Das T, Sahoo B, Kumar P, Paul J (2019) Effect of graphene interlayer on resistance spot welded
AISI-1008 steel joints. Mater Res Express 6:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab23d6
12. Das T, Das R, Paul J (2020) Resistance spot welding of dissimilar AISI-1008 steel/Al-1100
alloy lap joints with a graphene interlayer. J Manuf Process 53:260–274. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.jmapro.2020.02.032
159
(d) The ratio of the intensities of the D- and G-peaks (I D /I G ) attained from
Raman spectroscopy analysis of the fractured nugget regions increased with the
welding energy. This shows the relative increase in D-peak strength and simultaneously the disorderness developed in the entrapped graphene nanoplatelets
/multi-walled carbon nanotubes during the welding process.
(e) The hardness increment of the graphene nanoplatelets/multi-walled carbon
nanotubes interlayered specimens could be ascribed to the shared effect of
numerous strengthening mechanisms owing to the existence of graphene
nanoplatelets/multi-walled carbon nanotubes entangled or embedded in the iron
matrix and also due to grain refinement.
References
1. Goodarzi M, Marashi SPH, Pouranvari M (2009) Dependence of overload performance on
weld attributes for resistance spot welded galvanized low carbon steel. J Mater Process Technol
209:4379–4384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.11.017
2. Chabok A, van der Aa E, De Hosson JTM, Pei YT (2017) Mechanical behavior and failure
mechanism of resistance spot welded DP1000 dual phase steel. Mater Des 124:171–182. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.03.070
3. Chen J, Yuan X, Hu Z, Sun C, Zhang YY, Zhang YY (2016) Microstructure and mechanical
properties of resistance-spot-welded joints for A5052 aluminum alloy and DP 600 steel. Mater
Charact 120:45–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2016.08.015
4. Sharma A, Sharma VM, Sahoo B, Joseph J, Paul J (2019) Effect of exfoliated few-layered
graphene on corrosion and mechanical behaviour of the graphitized Al–SiC surface composite
fabricated by FSP. Bull Mater Sci 42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-019-1885-2
5. Hashemi R, Pashazadeh H, Hamedi M (2012) An incrementally coupled thermo-electromechanical model for resistance spot welding. Mater Manuf Process 27:1442–1449. https://
doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2012.718470
6. Zhang Y, Luo Z, Li Y, Liu ZM, Huang ZY (2015) Microstructure characterization and tensile
properties of Mg/Al dissimilar joints manufactured by thermo-compensated resistance spot
welding with Zn interlayer. Mater Des 75:166–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.
03.030
7. Arghavani MRR, Movahedi M, Kokabi AHH (2016) Role of zinc layer in resistance spot
welding of aluminium to steel. Mater Des 102:106–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.
04.033
8. Sun M, Niknejad ST, Zhang G, Lee MK, Wu L, Zhou Y (2015) Microstructure and mechanical properties of resistance spot welded AZ31/AA5754 using a nickel interlayer. Mater Des
87:905–913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.097
9. Sun M, Niknejad ST, Gao H, Wu L, Zhou Y (2016) Mechanical properties of dissimilar
resistance spot welds of aluminum to magnesium with Sn-coated steel interlayer. Mater Des
91:331–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.11.121
10. Zhang W, Sun D, Han L, Liu D (2014) Interfacial microstructure and mechanical property
of resistance spot welded joint of high strength steel and aluminium alloy with 4047 AlSi12
interlayer. Mater Des 57:186–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.12.045
11. Das T, Sahoo B, Kumar P, Paul J (2019) Effect of graphene interlayer on resistance spot welded
AISI-1008 steel joints. Mater Res Express 6:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab23d6
12. Das T, Das R, Paul J (2020) Resistance spot welding of dissimilar AISI-1008 steel/Al-1100
alloy lap joints with a graphene interlayer. J Manuf Process 53:260–274. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.jmapro.2020.02.032