services, and an alias service model [34–37, 39, 40, 45]. The international version of
this standard is the IEC 62264, which is based on the works of ISA. With the help of
ISA-95, various management systems can be applied to the DTMS. It also helps plan
the access of various stakeholders or operators within the production process. In
combination with ANSI/ISA-101.01-2015 [46], the possible methods of
implementing HMIs help in the efficient control of the DTMS on-the-machine or
with mobile devices. An additional standard combines the implementation of ISA-88
and ISA-95 [44].
For continuous production, the ISA-106 offers an in-depth alternative [42, 43]. In
comparison to ISA-88 and ISA-95, this standard series offers elaborate physical
models that help organize even complex processes. For example, it defines a variable
state model as illustrated by a user with high flexibility.
4.3 Data Standardization
Industry 4.0 factories have physical machines, or components called assets,
connected to software that visualize the entire production line or make own decisions. An asset is an organization’s physical entity having either a perceived or an
actual value [57]. For bioprocesses, these are machines or different plant facilities
and their parts.
Interoperability is the basis for I4.0 and ensures open and plural markets. It is
characterized by open standards. The German Platform Industrie 4.0 (PI4.0)
develops pre-competitive concepts and solutions for I4.0, implements them, and
participates in international standardization processes through more than 10 international cooperation [58]. The PI4.0 AAS specification [59] is the basis for interoperability and a DT standard. The intention is to become the central, standardized
“integration plug” of any asset to digital ecosystems, composed of multiple DTs.
Using an AAS, all relevant assets speak a common language, which eases integration. Any physical item that provides relevant data may become an asset and in turn
get an AAS. Therefore, it is considered as a data standard as well. For example, the
operating data of a plant and the production process can be standardized throughout
their life cycle by building AAS DTs, which may be integrated into a DTMS.
The data exchanged or made available via an AAS is described in a modular,
manufacturer-neutral format with formally described semantics. It does not prescribe
what data is provided, but how they are provided. The generic AAS data model is
defined using Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagrams. Using an AAS,
the DTs data is organized into submodels. Therefore, the main classifications are as
follows:
– Submodels, which are either predefined entirely or may be described using a
standard pattern. An AAS may have any number of submodels.
– Properties, which can be used to define the submodels.
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R. Werner et al.
this standard is the IEC 62264, which is based on the works of ISA. With the help of
ISA-95, various management systems can be applied to the DTMS. It also helps plan
the access of various stakeholders or operators within the production process. In
combination with ANSI/ISA-101.01-2015 [46], the possible methods of
implementing HMIs help in the efficient control of the DTMS on-the-machine or
with mobile devices. An additional standard combines the implementation of ISA-88
and ISA-95 [44].
For continuous production, the ISA-106 offers an in-depth alternative [42, 43]. In
comparison to ISA-88 and ISA-95, this standard series offers elaborate physical
models that help organize even complex processes. For example, it defines a variable
state model as illustrated by a user with high flexibility.
4.3 Data Standardization
Industry 4.0 factories have physical machines, or components called assets,
connected to software that visualize the entire production line or make own decisions. An asset is an organization’s physical entity having either a perceived or an
actual value [57]. For bioprocesses, these are machines or different plant facilities
and their parts.
Interoperability is the basis for I4.0 and ensures open and plural markets. It is
characterized by open standards. The German Platform Industrie 4.0 (PI4.0)
develops pre-competitive concepts and solutions for I4.0, implements them, and
participates in international standardization processes through more than 10 international cooperation [58]. The PI4.0 AAS specification [59] is the basis for interoperability and a DT standard. The intention is to become the central, standardized
“integration plug” of any asset to digital ecosystems, composed of multiple DTs.
Using an AAS, all relevant assets speak a common language, which eases integration. Any physical item that provides relevant data may become an asset and in turn
get an AAS. Therefore, it is considered as a data standard as well. For example, the
operating data of a plant and the production process can be standardized throughout
their life cycle by building AAS DTs, which may be integrated into a DTMS.
The data exchanged or made available via an AAS is described in a modular,
manufacturer-neutral format with formally described semantics. It does not prescribe
what data is provided, but how they are provided. The generic AAS data model is
defined using Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagrams. Using an AAS,
the DTs data is organized into submodels. Therefore, the main classifications are as
follows:
– Submodels, which are either predefined entirely or may be described using a
standard pattern. An AAS may have any number of submodels.
– Properties, which can be used to define the submodels.
146
R. Werner et al.