Here, the DTMS forms the core element consisting of the cloud storage, the
relevant stakeholder interfaces, and the apps. In particular, the apps provide special
tools (e.g., analysis and predictive tools) that enable the full potential of the system.
Furthermore, it is important to link all participating elements to define the interrelations within the process borders and between the individual parties. Its creation also
supports the comprehension of interrelations between stakeholders and inherent
assets. Figure 8 illustrates an exemplary big picture consisting of two different
companies by showing connections and data flows.
4 Standardization and Generation of Digital Twins
A DTMS merges multiple production systems and data points, whose origin plays an
essential role because these data sets are of different quality and comprehensiveness.
The combination of various production lines, independent plants, and even different
companies results in different kinds of data sets. In the case of extensive data sets, a
reasonable junction in the DTMS is unfeasible. This aspect is confirmed by Weyer
et al. [22], who researched on modular, multi-vendor systems in the context of
Industry 4.0. Therefore, there is a high demand for standardization and relevant
norms. Furthermore, the use of a DTMS must comply with the corresponding
legislation, for example, hygienic requirements or work safety concepts. These
aspects are essential as a DTMS may also function as the basis for other concepts.
Standardization is a critical dimension of sustainable and efficient engineering.
Standards specify the design features of equipment, create comparability between
manufacturers, and help customers receive a safe product that complies with existing
legislation. According to the German Institute for Standardization (DIN, Deutsches
Institut für Normung e.V.) [23], standards are the universal language of engineering
and facilitate free movement of goods. In a DTMS, standards facilitate a comparison
of different data sets, production lines, plants, or even companies. They help create
individual DTs and their application in a DTMS. Finally, standardization also provides the language that facilitates the communication between DTs. Lu et al. [24]
emphasized the importance of standards for DTs by analyzing the state-of-the-art
manufacturing domains.
4.1 Overview of Existing Standards
International, continental, and national organizations define the standards for the
public. Globally, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for
technical standards and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) for
standards with electrotechnical relevance function as the roof organizations. Currently, over 160 national standardization committees are members of the ISO
[25]. The complexity of a DTMS, especially in B2B or B2C relations, challenges
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R. Werner et al.
relevant stakeholder interfaces, and the apps. In particular, the apps provide special
tools (e.g., analysis and predictive tools) that enable the full potential of the system.
Furthermore, it is important to link all participating elements to define the interrelations within the process borders and between the individual parties. Its creation also
supports the comprehension of interrelations between stakeholders and inherent
assets. Figure 8 illustrates an exemplary big picture consisting of two different
companies by showing connections and data flows.
4 Standardization and Generation of Digital Twins
A DTMS merges multiple production systems and data points, whose origin plays an
essential role because these data sets are of different quality and comprehensiveness.
The combination of various production lines, independent plants, and even different
companies results in different kinds of data sets. In the case of extensive data sets, a
reasonable junction in the DTMS is unfeasible. This aspect is confirmed by Weyer
et al. [22], who researched on modular, multi-vendor systems in the context of
Industry 4.0. Therefore, there is a high demand for standardization and relevant
norms. Furthermore, the use of a DTMS must comply with the corresponding
legislation, for example, hygienic requirements or work safety concepts. These
aspects are essential as a DTMS may also function as the basis for other concepts.
Standardization is a critical dimension of sustainable and efficient engineering.
Standards specify the design features of equipment, create comparability between
manufacturers, and help customers receive a safe product that complies with existing
legislation. According to the German Institute for Standardization (DIN, Deutsches
Institut für Normung e.V.) [23], standards are the universal language of engineering
and facilitate free movement of goods. In a DTMS, standards facilitate a comparison
of different data sets, production lines, plants, or even companies. They help create
individual DTs and their application in a DTMS. Finally, standardization also provides the language that facilitates the communication between DTs. Lu et al. [24]
emphasized the importance of standards for DTs by analyzing the state-of-the-art
manufacturing domains.
4.1 Overview of Existing Standards
International, continental, and national organizations define the standards for the
public. Globally, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for
technical standards and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) for
standards with electrotechnical relevance function as the roof organizations. Currently, over 160 national standardization committees are members of the ISO
[25]. The complexity of a DTMS, especially in B2B or B2C relations, challenges
142
R. Werner et al.