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NH 2
O
OH
HO
NH 2
O
OH
HO
HO
phenylalanine/tyrosine
L-DOPA
HO
NH 2
phenylethyalmine (PEA),
p-tyramine (TYR)
HO
NH 2
HO
dopamine
trace amine
metabolism
dopamine
metabolism
HO
NH 2
HO
dopamine
NH 2
HO
O
3-methoxytyramine (3-MT)
HO
NH 2
phenylethyalmine (PEA),
p-tyramine (TYR)
?
OCT2
TAAR1
TAAR1
TAAR1
TAAR1
D2R
D2R
D1R
DAT
vesicles
Gi
Gi
Fig. 3 Current understanding of TAAR1 activation by the archetypal trace amines. Hollow
arrows: Chemical transformations. Solid arrows: Stimulating signal transductions. Blocked arrows:
Inhibitory signal transductions [4]