230
N. N. Win and H. Morita
76. Rasoanaivo P, Petitjean A, Ratsimamanga-Urverg S, Rakoto-Ratsimamanga A (1992)
Medicinal plants used to treat malaria in Madagascar. J Ethnopharmacol 37:117
77. Hammer MLA, Johns EA (1993) Tapping an Amazonian plethora: four medicinal plants of
Marajo Island, Para (Brazil). J Ethnopharmacol 40:53
78. Hui C, But PPH (1998) Current advance in ethnopharmacology of “Kudidan” (Herba
Elephantopi). Chin J Integr Med 4:229
79. Chuakul W, Soonthornchareonnon N, Sappakun S (2006) Medicinal plants used in
Kungkrabaen Royal Development Study Center. Chanthaburi Province. Thai J Phytopharm
13:27
80. Inta A, Shengji P, Balslev H, Wangpakapattanawong P, Trisonthi C (2008) A comparative
study on medicinal plants used in Akha’s traditional medicine in China and Thailand, cultural
coherence or ecological divergence? J Ethnopharmacol 116:508
81. Udayan PS, Harinarayanan MK, Tushar KV, Balchandran I (2008) Some common plants
used by Kurichiar tribes of Tirunelli forest, Wayanad district, Kerala in medicine and other
traditional uses. Indian J Tradit Knowl 7:250
82. Personal communication with traditional medicine practitioners I, Traditional Medicine
Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
83. Chaturvedi D (2011) Sesquiterpene lactones: structural diversity and their biological activities.
Opportunity, challenges and scope natural products in medicinal chemistry, p 313
84. Sim KY, Lee HT (1969) Constituents of Elephantopus scaber (Compositae). Phytochemistry
8:933
85. de Silva LBD, Herath WHMW, Jennings RC, Mahendran M, Wannigama GE (1982) A new
sesquiterpene lactone from Elephantopus scaber. Phytochemistry 21:1173
86. Su M, Wu X, Chung HY, Li Y, Ye W (2009) Antiproliferative activities of five Chinese
medicinal herbs and active compounds in Elephantopus scaber. Nat Prod Commun 4:1025
87. Than NN, Fotso S, Sevvana M, Sheldrick GM, Fiebig HH, Kelter G, Laatsch H (2005)
Sesquiterpene lactones from Elephantopus scaber. Z Naturforsch 60b:200
88. But PPH, Hon PM, Cao H, Chan TWD, Wu BM, Mak TCW, Che CT (1997) Sesquiterpene
lactones from Elephantopus scaber. Phytochemistry 44:113
89. Ahmad S, Rauf A (2003) Use of phenylselenyl chloride in the preparation of methyl 11phenylseleno-10-acetamido- and ethyl phenylselenoethoxy fatty alkanoates. J Am Oil Chem
Soc 80:1049
90. Cao R, Ma Y, Mizuno T (1996) Chemical constituents of a heat-dried Chinese mushroom
Hohenbuehelia serotina. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 60:654
91. Siddiqui BS, Rasheed M, Ilyas F, Gulzar T, Tariq RM, Naqvi SNH (2004) Analysis of
insecticidal Azadirachta indica A. Juss. fractions. Z Naturforsch 59c:104
92. Matsuo A, Nakayama M, Hayashi S, Nagai K (1980) Fatty acid ethyl esters in the liverwort
Conocephalum conicum. Phytochemistry 19:1848
93. Sholichin M, Yamasaki K, Kasai R, Tanaka O (1980) 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance of
lupane-type triterpenes, lupeol, betulin, and betulinic acid. Chem Pharm Bull 28:1006
94. Leitão SG, Kaplan MAC, Monache F, Akihisa T, Tamura T (1992) Sterols and sterol glucosides
from two Aegiphila species. Phytochemistry 31:2813
95. Lee KH, Cowherd CM, Wolo MT (1975) Antitumor agents XV: deoxyelephantopin, an
antitumor principle from Elephantopus carolinianus Willd. J Pharm Sci 64:1572
96. Kupchan SM, Aynehchi Y, Cassady JM, McPhail AT, Sim GA, Schnoes HK, Burlingame AL
(1966) The isolation and structural elucidation of two novel sesquiterpenoid tumor inhibitors
from Elephantopus elatus. J Am Chem Soc 88:3674
97. Kupchan SM, Aynehchi Y, Cassady JM, Schnoes HK, Burlingame AL (1969) Tumor
inhibitors. XL. The isolation and structural elucidation of elephantin and elephantopin, two
novel sesquiterpenoid tumor inhibitors from Elephantopus elatus. J Org Chem 34:3867
98. Lee KH, Ibuka T, Wu RY, Geissman TA (1977) Structure-antimicrobial activity relationships
among the sesquiterpene lactones and related compounds. Phytochemistry 16:1177
99. Hall IH, Lee KH, Starnes CO, Eigebaly SA, Ibuka T, Wu YS, Kimura T, Haruna M (1978)
Antitumor agents XXX: evaluation of α-methylene-γ -lactone-containing agents for inhibition
of tumor growth, respiration, and nucleic acid synthesis. J Pharm Sci 67:1235
N. N. Win and H. Morita
76. Rasoanaivo P, Petitjean A, Ratsimamanga-Urverg S, Rakoto-Ratsimamanga A (1992)
Medicinal plants used to treat malaria in Madagascar. J Ethnopharmacol 37:117
77. Hammer MLA, Johns EA (1993) Tapping an Amazonian plethora: four medicinal plants of
Marajo Island, Para (Brazil). J Ethnopharmacol 40:53
78. Hui C, But PPH (1998) Current advance in ethnopharmacology of “Kudidan” (Herba
Elephantopi). Chin J Integr Med 4:229
79. Chuakul W, Soonthornchareonnon N, Sappakun S (2006) Medicinal plants used in
Kungkrabaen Royal Development Study Center. Chanthaburi Province. Thai J Phytopharm
13:27
80. Inta A, Shengji P, Balslev H, Wangpakapattanawong P, Trisonthi C (2008) A comparative
study on medicinal plants used in Akha’s traditional medicine in China and Thailand, cultural
coherence or ecological divergence? J Ethnopharmacol 116:508
81. Udayan PS, Harinarayanan MK, Tushar KV, Balchandran I (2008) Some common plants
used by Kurichiar tribes of Tirunelli forest, Wayanad district, Kerala in medicine and other
traditional uses. Indian J Tradit Knowl 7:250
82. Personal communication with traditional medicine practitioners I, Traditional Medicine
Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
83. Chaturvedi D (2011) Sesquiterpene lactones: structural diversity and their biological activities.
Opportunity, challenges and scope natural products in medicinal chemistry, p 313
84. Sim KY, Lee HT (1969) Constituents of Elephantopus scaber (Compositae). Phytochemistry
8:933
85. de Silva LBD, Herath WHMW, Jennings RC, Mahendran M, Wannigama GE (1982) A new
sesquiterpene lactone from Elephantopus scaber. Phytochemistry 21:1173
86. Su M, Wu X, Chung HY, Li Y, Ye W (2009) Antiproliferative activities of five Chinese
medicinal herbs and active compounds in Elephantopus scaber. Nat Prod Commun 4:1025
87. Than NN, Fotso S, Sevvana M, Sheldrick GM, Fiebig HH, Kelter G, Laatsch H (2005)
Sesquiterpene lactones from Elephantopus scaber. Z Naturforsch 60b:200
88. But PPH, Hon PM, Cao H, Chan TWD, Wu BM, Mak TCW, Che CT (1997) Sesquiterpene
lactones from Elephantopus scaber. Phytochemistry 44:113
89. Ahmad S, Rauf A (2003) Use of phenylselenyl chloride in the preparation of methyl 11phenylseleno-10-acetamido- and ethyl phenylselenoethoxy fatty alkanoates. J Am Oil Chem
Soc 80:1049
90. Cao R, Ma Y, Mizuno T (1996) Chemical constituents of a heat-dried Chinese mushroom
Hohenbuehelia serotina. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 60:654
91. Siddiqui BS, Rasheed M, Ilyas F, Gulzar T, Tariq RM, Naqvi SNH (2004) Analysis of
insecticidal Azadirachta indica A. Juss. fractions. Z Naturforsch 59c:104
92. Matsuo A, Nakayama M, Hayashi S, Nagai K (1980) Fatty acid ethyl esters in the liverwort
Conocephalum conicum. Phytochemistry 19:1848
93. Sholichin M, Yamasaki K, Kasai R, Tanaka O (1980) 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance of
lupane-type triterpenes, lupeol, betulin, and betulinic acid. Chem Pharm Bull 28:1006
94. Leitão SG, Kaplan MAC, Monache F, Akihisa T, Tamura T (1992) Sterols and sterol glucosides
from two Aegiphila species. Phytochemistry 31:2813
95. Lee KH, Cowherd CM, Wolo MT (1975) Antitumor agents XV: deoxyelephantopin, an
antitumor principle from Elephantopus carolinianus Willd. J Pharm Sci 64:1572
96. Kupchan SM, Aynehchi Y, Cassady JM, McPhail AT, Sim GA, Schnoes HK, Burlingame AL
(1966) The isolation and structural elucidation of two novel sesquiterpenoid tumor inhibitors
from Elephantopus elatus. J Am Chem Soc 88:3674
97. Kupchan SM, Aynehchi Y, Cassady JM, Schnoes HK, Burlingame AL (1969) Tumor
inhibitors. XL. The isolation and structural elucidation of elephantin and elephantopin, two
novel sesquiterpenoid tumor inhibitors from Elephantopus elatus. J Org Chem 34:3867
98. Lee KH, Ibuka T, Wu RY, Geissman TA (1977) Structure-antimicrobial activity relationships
among the sesquiterpene lactones and related compounds. Phytochemistry 16:1177
99. Hall IH, Lee KH, Starnes CO, Eigebaly SA, Ibuka T, Wu YS, Kimura T, Haruna M (1978)
Antitumor agents XXX: evaluation of α-methylene-γ -lactone-containing agents for inhibition
of tumor growth, respiration, and nucleic acid synthesis. J Pharm Sci 67:1235