Progress in the Chemistry of Cytochalasans
127
192. Lin Z, Ma X, Wei H, Li D, Gu Q, Zhu T (2015) Spicarins A–D from acetylated extract of
fungus Spicaria elegans KLA03. RSC Adv 5:35262
193. Zhu H, Chen C, Xue Y, Tong Q, Li XN, Chen X, Wang J, Yao G, Luo Z, Zhang Y (2015)
Asperchalasine A, a cytochalasan dimer with an unprecedented decacyclic ring system, from
Aspergillus flavipes. Angew Chem Int Ed 54:13374
194. Wu Z, Zhang X, Chen C, Zhou P, Zhang M, Gu L, Luo Z, Wang J, Tong Q, Zhu H, Zhang Y
(2020) Dimericchalasine A and amichalasines D and E: unexpected cytochalasan homodimer
and heterotrimers from Aspergillus micronesiensis PG-1. Org Lett 22:2162
195. Wu Z, Tong Q, Zhang X, Zhou P, Dai C, Wang J, Chen C, Zhu H, Zhang Y (2019) Amichalasines A–C: three cytochalasan heterotrimers from Aspergillus micronesiensis PG-1. Org
Lett 21:1026–1030
196. Zhu H, Chen C, Tong Q, Li XN, Yang J, Xue Y, Luo Z, Wang J, Yao G, Zhang Y (2016)
Epicochalasines A and B: two bioactive merocytochalasans bearing caged epicoccine dimer
units from Aspergillus flavipes. Angew Chem Int Ed 55:3486
197. Wei G, Chen C, Tong Q, Huang J, Wang W, Wu Z, Yang J, Liu J, Xue Y, Luo Z, Wang J, Zhu
H, Zhang Y (2017) Aspergilasines A–D: four merocytochalasans with new carbon skeletons
from Aspergillus flavipes QCS12. Org Lett 19:4399
198. Bao R, Tian C, Zhang H, Wang Z, Dong Z, Li Y, Gao M, Zhang H, Liu G, Tang Y (2018)
Total syntheses of asperchalasines A–E. Angew Chem Int Ed 57:14216
199. Long X, Ding Y, Deng J (2018) Total synthesis of asperchalasines A, D, E, and H. Angew
Chem Int Ed 57:14221
200. Pegoraro AF, Janmey P, Weitz DA (2017) Mechanical properties of the cytoskeleton and cells.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 9:a022038
201. Erickson HP (2017) The discovery of the prokaryotic cytoskeleton: 25th anniversary. Mol
Biol Cell 28:357
202. Wagstaff J, Löwe J (2018) Prokaryotic cytoskeletons: protein filaments organizing small cells.
Nat Rev Microbiol 16:187
203. Weibel GL, Joshi MR, Jerome WG, Bates SR, Yu KJ, Phillips MC, Rothblat GH (2012)
Cytoskeleton disruption in J774 macrophages: consequences for lipid droplet formation and
cholesterol flux. Biochim Biophys Acta 1821:464
204. Bräse S, Gläser F, Kramer C, Lindner S, Linsenmeier AM, Masters KS, Meister AC, Ruff
BM, Zhong S (2013) The chemistry of mycotoxins. Prog Chem Org Nat Prod 97:207
205. Nair UB, Joel PB, Wan Q, Lowey S, Rould MA, Trybus KM (2008) Crystal structures of
monomeric actin bound to cytochalasin D. J Mol Biol 384:848
206. Kretz R, Wendt L, Wongkanoun S, Luangsa-Ard JJ, Surup F, Helaly SE, Noumeur SR, Stadler
M, Stradal TEB (2019) The effect of cytochalasans on the actin cytoskeleton of eukaryotic
cells and preliminary structure-activity relationships. Biomolecules 9:73
207. Carter SB (1967) Effects of cytochalasins on mammalian cells. Nature 213:261
208. Rao JY, Hurst RE, Bales WD, Jones PL, Bass RA, Archer LT, Bell PB, Hemstreet GP (1990)
Cellular F-actin levels as a marker for cellular transformation: relationship to cell division
and differentiation. Cancer Res 50:2215
209. Zhu H, Chen C, Tong Q, Yang J, Wei G, Xue Y, Wang J, Luo Z, Zhang Y (2017) Asperflavipine
A: a cytochalasan heterotetramer uniquely defined by a highly complex tetradecacyclic ring
system from Aspergillus flavipes QCS12. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 56:5242
210. Rubtsova SN, Kondratov RV, Kopnin PB, Chumakov PM, Kopnin BP, Vasiliev JM (1998)
Disruption of actin microfilaments by cytochalasin D leads to activation of p53. FEBS Lett
430:353
211. Chang HT, Chou CT, Chen IS, Yu CC, Lu T, Hsu SS, Shieh P, Jan CR, Liang WZ (2016)
Mechanisms underlying effect of the mycotoxin cytochalasin B on induction of cytotoxicity, modulation of cell cycle, Ca 2+ homeostasis and ROS production in human breast cells.
Toxicology 370:1
212. Knudsen P, Hanna B, Ohl S, Sellner L, Zenz T, Dohner H, Stilgenbauer S, Larsen T, Lichter P,
Seiffert M (2014) Chaetoglobosin A preferentially induces apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic
leukemia cells by targeting the cytoskeleton. Leukemia 28:1289
127
192. Lin Z, Ma X, Wei H, Li D, Gu Q, Zhu T (2015) Spicarins A–D from acetylated extract of
fungus Spicaria elegans KLA03. RSC Adv 5:35262
193. Zhu H, Chen C, Xue Y, Tong Q, Li XN, Chen X, Wang J, Yao G, Luo Z, Zhang Y (2015)
Asperchalasine A, a cytochalasan dimer with an unprecedented decacyclic ring system, from
Aspergillus flavipes. Angew Chem Int Ed 54:13374
194. Wu Z, Zhang X, Chen C, Zhou P, Zhang M, Gu L, Luo Z, Wang J, Tong Q, Zhu H, Zhang Y
(2020) Dimericchalasine A and amichalasines D and E: unexpected cytochalasan homodimer
and heterotrimers from Aspergillus micronesiensis PG-1. Org Lett 22:2162
195. Wu Z, Tong Q, Zhang X, Zhou P, Dai C, Wang J, Chen C, Zhu H, Zhang Y (2019) Amichalasines A–C: three cytochalasan heterotrimers from Aspergillus micronesiensis PG-1. Org
Lett 21:1026–1030
196. Zhu H, Chen C, Tong Q, Li XN, Yang J, Xue Y, Luo Z, Wang J, Yao G, Zhang Y (2016)
Epicochalasines A and B: two bioactive merocytochalasans bearing caged epicoccine dimer
units from Aspergillus flavipes. Angew Chem Int Ed 55:3486
197. Wei G, Chen C, Tong Q, Huang J, Wang W, Wu Z, Yang J, Liu J, Xue Y, Luo Z, Wang J, Zhu
H, Zhang Y (2017) Aspergilasines A–D: four merocytochalasans with new carbon skeletons
from Aspergillus flavipes QCS12. Org Lett 19:4399
198. Bao R, Tian C, Zhang H, Wang Z, Dong Z, Li Y, Gao M, Zhang H, Liu G, Tang Y (2018)
Total syntheses of asperchalasines A–E. Angew Chem Int Ed 57:14216
199. Long X, Ding Y, Deng J (2018) Total synthesis of asperchalasines A, D, E, and H. Angew
Chem Int Ed 57:14221
200. Pegoraro AF, Janmey P, Weitz DA (2017) Mechanical properties of the cytoskeleton and cells.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 9:a022038
201. Erickson HP (2017) The discovery of the prokaryotic cytoskeleton: 25th anniversary. Mol
Biol Cell 28:357
202. Wagstaff J, Löwe J (2018) Prokaryotic cytoskeletons: protein filaments organizing small cells.
Nat Rev Microbiol 16:187
203. Weibel GL, Joshi MR, Jerome WG, Bates SR, Yu KJ, Phillips MC, Rothblat GH (2012)
Cytoskeleton disruption in J774 macrophages: consequences for lipid droplet formation and
cholesterol flux. Biochim Biophys Acta 1821:464
204. Bräse S, Gläser F, Kramer C, Lindner S, Linsenmeier AM, Masters KS, Meister AC, Ruff
BM, Zhong S (2013) The chemistry of mycotoxins. Prog Chem Org Nat Prod 97:207
205. Nair UB, Joel PB, Wan Q, Lowey S, Rould MA, Trybus KM (2008) Crystal structures of
monomeric actin bound to cytochalasin D. J Mol Biol 384:848
206. Kretz R, Wendt L, Wongkanoun S, Luangsa-Ard JJ, Surup F, Helaly SE, Noumeur SR, Stadler
M, Stradal TEB (2019) The effect of cytochalasans on the actin cytoskeleton of eukaryotic
cells and preliminary structure-activity relationships. Biomolecules 9:73
207. Carter SB (1967) Effects of cytochalasins on mammalian cells. Nature 213:261
208. Rao JY, Hurst RE, Bales WD, Jones PL, Bass RA, Archer LT, Bell PB, Hemstreet GP (1990)
Cellular F-actin levels as a marker for cellular transformation: relationship to cell division
and differentiation. Cancer Res 50:2215
209. Zhu H, Chen C, Tong Q, Yang J, Wei G, Xue Y, Wang J, Luo Z, Zhang Y (2017) Asperflavipine
A: a cytochalasan heterotetramer uniquely defined by a highly complex tetradecacyclic ring
system from Aspergillus flavipes QCS12. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 56:5242
210. Rubtsova SN, Kondratov RV, Kopnin PB, Chumakov PM, Kopnin BP, Vasiliev JM (1998)
Disruption of actin microfilaments by cytochalasin D leads to activation of p53. FEBS Lett
430:353
211. Chang HT, Chou CT, Chen IS, Yu CC, Lu T, Hsu SS, Shieh P, Jan CR, Liang WZ (2016)
Mechanisms underlying effect of the mycotoxin cytochalasin B on induction of cytotoxicity, modulation of cell cycle, Ca 2+ homeostasis and ROS production in human breast cells.
Toxicology 370:1
212. Knudsen P, Hanna B, Ohl S, Sellner L, Zenz T, Dohner H, Stilgenbauer S, Larsen T, Lichter P,
Seiffert M (2014) Chaetoglobosin A preferentially induces apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic
leukemia cells by targeting the cytoskeleton. Leukemia 28:1289