Progress in the Chemistry of Cytochalasans
121
70. Evidente A, Capasso R, Vurro M, Bottalico A (1996) Cytochalasin W, a new 24oxa[14]cytochalasan from Phoma exigua var. heteromorpha. Nat Toxins 4:53
71. Aldridge DC, Burrow BF, Turner WB (1972) The structures of the fungal metabolites
cytochalasins E and F. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1972:148
72. Aldridge DC, Greatbanks D, Turner WB (1973) Revised structures for cytochalasins E and
F. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1973:551
73. Capasso R, Evidente A, Vurro M (1991) Cytochalasins from Phoma exigua var. heteromorpha.
Phytochemistry 30:3945
74. Evidente A, Andolfi A, Vurro M, Zonno MC, Motta A (2002) Cytochalasins Z1, Z2 and
Z3, three 24-oxa[14]cytochalasans produced by Pyrenophora semeniperda. Phytochemistry
60:45
75. Evidente A, Andolfi A, Vurro M, Zonno MC, Motta A (2003) Cytochalasins Z4, Z5, and
Z6, three new 24-oxa[14]cytochalasans produced by Phoma exigua var. heteromorpha. J Nat
Prod 66:1540
76. Kim EL, Wang H, Park JH, Hong J, Choi JS, Im DS, Chung HY, Jung JH (2015) Cytochalasin
derivatives from a jellyfish-derived fungus Phoma sp. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 25:2096
77. Wagenaar MM, Corwin J, Strobel G, Clardy J (2000) Three new cytochalasins produced by
an endophytic fungus in the genus Rhinocladiella. J Nat Prod 63:1692
78. Kimura Y, Nakajima H, Hamasaki T (1989) Structure of rosellichalasin, a new metabolite
produced by Rosellinia necatrix. Agric Biol Chem 53:1699
79. Zhang HW, Zhang J, Hu S, Zhang ZJ, Zhu CJ, Ng SW, Tan RX (2010) Ardeemins and
cytochalasins from Aspergillus terreus residing in Artemisia annua. Planta Med 76:1616
80. Wang FZ, Wei HJ, Zhu TJ, Li DH, Lin ZJ, Gu QQ (2011) Three new cytochalasins from the
marine-derived fungus Spicaria elegans KLA03 by supplementing the cultures with l-and
d-tryptophan. Chem Biodivers 8:887
81. Liu R, Gu Q, Zhu W, Cui C, Fan G, Fang Y, Zhu T, Liu H (2006) 10-Phenyl-[12]-cytochalasins
Z7, Z8, and Z9 from the marine-derived fungus Spicaria elegans. J Nat Prod 69:871
82. Zheng CJ, Shao CL, Wu LY, Chen M, Wang KL, Zhao DL, Sun XP, Chen GY, Wang CY (2013)
Bioactive phenylalanine derivatives and cytochalasins from the soft coral-derived fungus,
Aspergillus elegans. Mar Drugs 11:2054
83. Wang J, Wang Z, Ju Z, Wan J, Liao S, Lin X, Zhang T, Zhou X, Chen H, Tu Z, Liu Y
(2015) Cytotoxic cytochalasins from marine-derived fungus Arthrinium arundinis. Planta
Med 81:160
84. Kajimoto T, Imamura Y, Yamashita M, Takahashi K, Shibata M, Nohara T (1989) Nuclear
magnetic resonance studies of cytochalasin E and its decomposition product. Chem Pharm
Bull 37:2212
85. Steyn PS, Van Heerden FR, Rabie CJ (1982) Cytochalasins E and K, toxic metabolites from
Aspergillus clavatus. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1:541
86. Takamatsu S, Zhang Q, Schrader KK, ElSohly HN, Walker LA (2002) Characterization of
Mycotypha metabolites found to be inhibitors of cell adhesion molecules. J Antibiot 55:585
87. Liu R, Lin Z, Zhu T, Fang Y, Gu Q, Zhu W (2008) Novel open-chain cytochalasins from the
marine-derived fungus Spicaria elegans. J Nat Prod 71:1127
88. Evidente A, Cimmino A, Andolfi A, Berestetskiy A, Motta A (2011) Phomachalasins A–
D, 26-oxa[16] and [15]cytochalasans produced by Phoma exigua var. exigua, a potential
mycoherbicide for Cirsium arvense biocontrol. Tetrahedron 67:1557
89. Nukina M (1987) Pyrichalasin H, a new phytotoxic metabolite belonging to the cytochalasans
from Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Saccardo. Agric Biol Chem 51:2625
90. Horn WS, Simmonds MSJ, Schwartz RE, Blaney WM (1995) Phomopsichalasin, a novel
antimicrobial agent from an endophytic Phomopsis sp. Tetrahedron 51:3969
91. Pornpakakul S, Roengsumran S, Deechangvipart S, Petsom A, Muangsin N, Ngamrojnavanich
N, Sriubolmas N, Chaichit N, Ohta T (2007) Diaporthichalasin, a novel CYP3A4 inhibitor
from an endophytic Diaporthe sp. Tetrahedron Lett 48:651
92. Brown SG, Jansma MJ, Hoye TR (2012) Case study of empirical and computational chemical shift analyses: reassignment of the relative configuration of phomopsichalasin to that of
diaporthichalasin. J Nat Prod 75:1326
121
70. Evidente A, Capasso R, Vurro M, Bottalico A (1996) Cytochalasin W, a new 24oxa[14]cytochalasan from Phoma exigua var. heteromorpha. Nat Toxins 4:53
71. Aldridge DC, Burrow BF, Turner WB (1972) The structures of the fungal metabolites
cytochalasins E and F. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1972:148
72. Aldridge DC, Greatbanks D, Turner WB (1973) Revised structures for cytochalasins E and
F. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1973:551
73. Capasso R, Evidente A, Vurro M (1991) Cytochalasins from Phoma exigua var. heteromorpha.
Phytochemistry 30:3945
74. Evidente A, Andolfi A, Vurro M, Zonno MC, Motta A (2002) Cytochalasins Z1, Z2 and
Z3, three 24-oxa[14]cytochalasans produced by Pyrenophora semeniperda. Phytochemistry
60:45
75. Evidente A, Andolfi A, Vurro M, Zonno MC, Motta A (2003) Cytochalasins Z4, Z5, and
Z6, three new 24-oxa[14]cytochalasans produced by Phoma exigua var. heteromorpha. J Nat
Prod 66:1540
76. Kim EL, Wang H, Park JH, Hong J, Choi JS, Im DS, Chung HY, Jung JH (2015) Cytochalasin
derivatives from a jellyfish-derived fungus Phoma sp. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 25:2096
77. Wagenaar MM, Corwin J, Strobel G, Clardy J (2000) Three new cytochalasins produced by
an endophytic fungus in the genus Rhinocladiella. J Nat Prod 63:1692
78. Kimura Y, Nakajima H, Hamasaki T (1989) Structure of rosellichalasin, a new metabolite
produced by Rosellinia necatrix. Agric Biol Chem 53:1699
79. Zhang HW, Zhang J, Hu S, Zhang ZJ, Zhu CJ, Ng SW, Tan RX (2010) Ardeemins and
cytochalasins from Aspergillus terreus residing in Artemisia annua. Planta Med 76:1616
80. Wang FZ, Wei HJ, Zhu TJ, Li DH, Lin ZJ, Gu QQ (2011) Three new cytochalasins from the
marine-derived fungus Spicaria elegans KLA03 by supplementing the cultures with l-and
d-tryptophan. Chem Biodivers 8:887
81. Liu R, Gu Q, Zhu W, Cui C, Fan G, Fang Y, Zhu T, Liu H (2006) 10-Phenyl-[12]-cytochalasins
Z7, Z8, and Z9 from the marine-derived fungus Spicaria elegans. J Nat Prod 69:871
82. Zheng CJ, Shao CL, Wu LY, Chen M, Wang KL, Zhao DL, Sun XP, Chen GY, Wang CY (2013)
Bioactive phenylalanine derivatives and cytochalasins from the soft coral-derived fungus,
Aspergillus elegans. Mar Drugs 11:2054
83. Wang J, Wang Z, Ju Z, Wan J, Liao S, Lin X, Zhang T, Zhou X, Chen H, Tu Z, Liu Y
(2015) Cytotoxic cytochalasins from marine-derived fungus Arthrinium arundinis. Planta
Med 81:160
84. Kajimoto T, Imamura Y, Yamashita M, Takahashi K, Shibata M, Nohara T (1989) Nuclear
magnetic resonance studies of cytochalasin E and its decomposition product. Chem Pharm
Bull 37:2212
85. Steyn PS, Van Heerden FR, Rabie CJ (1982) Cytochalasins E and K, toxic metabolites from
Aspergillus clavatus. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1:541
86. Takamatsu S, Zhang Q, Schrader KK, ElSohly HN, Walker LA (2002) Characterization of
Mycotypha metabolites found to be inhibitors of cell adhesion molecules. J Antibiot 55:585
87. Liu R, Lin Z, Zhu T, Fang Y, Gu Q, Zhu W (2008) Novel open-chain cytochalasins from the
marine-derived fungus Spicaria elegans. J Nat Prod 71:1127
88. Evidente A, Cimmino A, Andolfi A, Berestetskiy A, Motta A (2011) Phomachalasins A–
D, 26-oxa[16] and [15]cytochalasans produced by Phoma exigua var. exigua, a potential
mycoherbicide for Cirsium arvense biocontrol. Tetrahedron 67:1557
89. Nukina M (1987) Pyrichalasin H, a new phytotoxic metabolite belonging to the cytochalasans
from Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Saccardo. Agric Biol Chem 51:2625
90. Horn WS, Simmonds MSJ, Schwartz RE, Blaney WM (1995) Phomopsichalasin, a novel
antimicrobial agent from an endophytic Phomopsis sp. Tetrahedron 51:3969
91. Pornpakakul S, Roengsumran S, Deechangvipart S, Petsom A, Muangsin N, Ngamrojnavanich
N, Sriubolmas N, Chaichit N, Ohta T (2007) Diaporthichalasin, a novel CYP3A4 inhibitor
from an endophytic Diaporthe sp. Tetrahedron Lett 48:651
92. Brown SG, Jansma MJ, Hoye TR (2012) Case study of empirical and computational chemical shift analyses: reassignment of the relative configuration of phomopsichalasin to that of
diaporthichalasin. J Nat Prod 75:1326