2.4 Conclusions
59
bubbles. As a result of structuring, bubbling properties can be more tightly controlled
and manipulated.
However, only the qualitative relationships between the stability of structured
flow and the flow properties are observed, while the quantitative difference is not
determined at current stage. The flow patterns seemingly respond nonlinearly to
the continuous changes in pulse conditions. To further correlate, it is required to
derive an attribute that accounts for the spatiotemporal cross-correlation of bubbles
and represents the regularity of structured flows. By associating each experimental
flow pattern with a calculated regularity index, it allows one to construct a multiparametric domain, identify the operating regime of structured flows, and study the
impact of structuring quantitatively.
References
1. Baskakov AP, Tuponogov VG, Filippovsky NF (1986) A study of pressure fluctuations in a
bubbling fluidized bed. Powder Technol 45(2):113–117
2. Busciglio A, Vella G, Micale G, Rizzuti L (2008) Analysis of the bubbling behaviour of 2D gas
solid fluidized beds: part I. Digital image analysis technique. Chem Eng J 140(1–3):398–413
3. Fan L-S, Zhu C (2005) Principles of gas-solid flows. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
4. Ireland E, Pitt K, Smith R (2016) A review of pulsed flow fluidisation; the effects of intermittent
gas flow on fluidised gas–solid bed behaviour. Powder Technol 292:108–121
5. Jia D, Bi X, Lim CJ, Sokhansanj S, Tsutsumi A (2016) Biomass drying in a pulsed fluidized
bed without inert bed particles. Fuel 186:270–284
6. Kobayashi M, Ramaswami D, Brazelton W (1970) Pulsed-bed approach to fluidization. Chem
Eng Progr Symp Ser 66:47–57
7. Kunii D, Levenspiel O (2013) Fluidization engineering, 2nd edn. Butterworth-Heinemann,
Boston
8. Chuan Lim EW (2014) Pattern formation in vibrated beds of dry and wet granular materials.
Phys Fluids 26(1):013301
9. Massimilla L, Volpicelli G, Raso G (1966) A study on pulsing gas fluidization of beds of
particles. AIChE Symp Ser 62:63–70
10. Nitz M, Taranto OP (2007) Drying of beans in a pulsed fluid bed dryer: drying kinetics, fluiddynamic study and comparisons with conventional fluidization. J Food Eng 80(1):249–256
11. Regelink MA (2000) Formation of regular bubble patterns in periodically pulsed gas-solid
fluidized beds. MSc thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
12. Reyes A, Herrera N, Vega R (2007) Drying suspensions in a pulsed fluidized bed of inert
particles. Dry Technol 26(1):122–131
13. Ridler TW, Calvard S (1978) Picture thresholding using an iterative selection method. IEEE
Trans Syst Man Cybern 8(8):630–632
14. Toomey RD, Johnstone HF (1952) Gaseous fluidization of solid particles. Chem Eng Prog
48:220–226
15. van Ommen JR, Nijenhuis J, Coppens M-O (2009) Reshaping the structure of fluidized beds.
In: CEP, pp 49–57
16. Yates JG (2013) Fundamentals of fluidized-bed chemical processes. Butterworth-Heinemann,
Boston
59
bubbles. As a result of structuring, bubbling properties can be more tightly controlled
and manipulated.
However, only the qualitative relationships between the stability of structured
flow and the flow properties are observed, while the quantitative difference is not
determined at current stage. The flow patterns seemingly respond nonlinearly to
the continuous changes in pulse conditions. To further correlate, it is required to
derive an attribute that accounts for the spatiotemporal cross-correlation of bubbles
and represents the regularity of structured flows. By associating each experimental
flow pattern with a calculated regularity index, it allows one to construct a multiparametric domain, identify the operating regime of structured flows, and study the
impact of structuring quantitatively.
References
1. Baskakov AP, Tuponogov VG, Filippovsky NF (1986) A study of pressure fluctuations in a
bubbling fluidized bed. Powder Technol 45(2):113–117
2. Busciglio A, Vella G, Micale G, Rizzuti L (2008) Analysis of the bubbling behaviour of 2D gas
solid fluidized beds: part I. Digital image analysis technique. Chem Eng J 140(1–3):398–413
3. Fan L-S, Zhu C (2005) Principles of gas-solid flows. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
4. Ireland E, Pitt K, Smith R (2016) A review of pulsed flow fluidisation; the effects of intermittent
gas flow on fluidised gas–solid bed behaviour. Powder Technol 292:108–121
5. Jia D, Bi X, Lim CJ, Sokhansanj S, Tsutsumi A (2016) Biomass drying in a pulsed fluidized
bed without inert bed particles. Fuel 186:270–284
6. Kobayashi M, Ramaswami D, Brazelton W (1970) Pulsed-bed approach to fluidization. Chem
Eng Progr Symp Ser 66:47–57
7. Kunii D, Levenspiel O (2013) Fluidization engineering, 2nd edn. Butterworth-Heinemann,
Boston
8. Chuan Lim EW (2014) Pattern formation in vibrated beds of dry and wet granular materials.
Phys Fluids 26(1):013301
9. Massimilla L, Volpicelli G, Raso G (1966) A study on pulsing gas fluidization of beds of
particles. AIChE Symp Ser 62:63–70
10. Nitz M, Taranto OP (2007) Drying of beans in a pulsed fluid bed dryer: drying kinetics, fluiddynamic study and comparisons with conventional fluidization. J Food Eng 80(1):249–256
11. Regelink MA (2000) Formation of regular bubble patterns in periodically pulsed gas-solid
fluidized beds. MSc thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
12. Reyes A, Herrera N, Vega R (2007) Drying suspensions in a pulsed fluidized bed of inert
particles. Dry Technol 26(1):122–131
13. Ridler TW, Calvard S (1978) Picture thresholding using an iterative selection method. IEEE
Trans Syst Man Cybern 8(8):630–632
14. Toomey RD, Johnstone HF (1952) Gaseous fluidization of solid particles. Chem Eng Prog
48:220–226
15. van Ommen JR, Nijenhuis J, Coppens M-O (2009) Reshaping the structure of fluidized beds.
In: CEP, pp 49–57
16. Yates JG (2013) Fundamentals of fluidized-bed chemical processes. Butterworth-Heinemann,
Boston