coagulation/flocculation, or clarification (either sedimentation or flotation). This
SBR system requires a minimum of three tanks and advanced automation equipment to control the cycle times and phases. The SBR control system allows the
operation to be configured to operate as almost any other suspended floc physicochemical reactor by adjusting the cycle phases among fill phase, react phase
(chemical precipitation/coagulation, flocculation), separation phase (either sedimentation or flotation clarification), and decant phase. The physicochemical SBR
system involving the use of either sedimentation or flotation in the separation
phase is invented by Lawrence K. Wang,, Lubomyr Kurylko, and Mu-Hao Sung
Wang in 1994 (US Patent 5,354,458).
Sewage The used water and water-carried solids from homes that flow in sewers to
a wastewater treatment plant. The preferred term is “wastewater.”
Shelter-in-place A procedure to keep you safe by remaining inside. It involves
selecting an interior room or area in which to take refuge. Where you shelter
depends on the type of hazard or threat.
Short-circuiting Shortening of hydraulic detention time, such as when plant flow
exceeds design flow.
Short ton Common measurement for a ton in the United States. A short ton is equal
to 2000 lbs. or 0.907 metric tons.
Short-circuiting A condition that occurs in tanks or basins when some of the water
travels faster than the rest of the flowing water. This is usually undesirable, since
it may result in shorter contact, reaction, or settling times in comparison with the
theoretical (calculated) or presumed detention times.
Shredding It is a unit operation for reducing the particle size of objects or debris in
the influent wastewater, also termed grinding or comminuting. These devices may
be installed with a screen directly in the wastewater flow or separately out of the
wastewater flow, with the shredded particles returned to the flow downstream of
the screen. Only those shredding and grinding devices that are installed directly in
the influent channel are termed comminuting devices.
Sidestreams Sources of inflow from within the wastewater treatment facility, such
as supernatant return from digesters, centrate from centrifuge thickening, filtrate
from filter presses, etc. These sidestreams may be high in solids, BOD, or
nutrients and may add to the plant organic or hydraulic loading.
Single-sludge activated sludge system It is a biological activated sludge process
system involving the use of one suspended activated sludge solids going through
aerobic and anoxic zones for carbonaceous oxidation, nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal. The single-sludge activated sludge system is
commonly a continuous flow system using sedimentation clarification. Lenox
Institute of Water Technology (LIWT) has developed three innovative singlesludge activated sludge systems all for carbonaceous oxidation, nitrification,
denitrification, and phosphorus removal: (a) continuous flow single sludge system using flotation clarification; (b) sequencing batch reactors (SBR) using
sedimentation for carbonaceous removal and nutrient removal; and (c) SBR
using flotation for carbonaceous removal and nutrient removal.
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M.-H. S. Wang and L. K. Wang
SBR system requires a minimum of three tanks and advanced automation equipment to control the cycle times and phases. The SBR control system allows the
operation to be configured to operate as almost any other suspended floc physicochemical reactor by adjusting the cycle phases among fill phase, react phase
(chemical precipitation/coagulation, flocculation), separation phase (either sedimentation or flotation clarification), and decant phase. The physicochemical SBR
system involving the use of either sedimentation or flotation in the separation
phase is invented by Lawrence K. Wang,, Lubomyr Kurylko, and Mu-Hao Sung
Wang in 1994 (US Patent 5,354,458).
Sewage The used water and water-carried solids from homes that flow in sewers to
a wastewater treatment plant. The preferred term is “wastewater.”
Shelter-in-place A procedure to keep you safe by remaining inside. It involves
selecting an interior room or area in which to take refuge. Where you shelter
depends on the type of hazard or threat.
Short-circuiting Shortening of hydraulic detention time, such as when plant flow
exceeds design flow.
Short ton Common measurement for a ton in the United States. A short ton is equal
to 2000 lbs. or 0.907 metric tons.
Short-circuiting A condition that occurs in tanks or basins when some of the water
travels faster than the rest of the flowing water. This is usually undesirable, since
it may result in shorter contact, reaction, or settling times in comparison with the
theoretical (calculated) or presumed detention times.
Shredding It is a unit operation for reducing the particle size of objects or debris in
the influent wastewater, also termed grinding or comminuting. These devices may
be installed with a screen directly in the wastewater flow or separately out of the
wastewater flow, with the shredded particles returned to the flow downstream of
the screen. Only those shredding and grinding devices that are installed directly in
the influent channel are termed comminuting devices.
Sidestreams Sources of inflow from within the wastewater treatment facility, such
as supernatant return from digesters, centrate from centrifuge thickening, filtrate
from filter presses, etc. These sidestreams may be high in solids, BOD, or
nutrients and may add to the plant organic or hydraulic loading.
Single-sludge activated sludge system It is a biological activated sludge process
system involving the use of one suspended activated sludge solids going through
aerobic and anoxic zones for carbonaceous oxidation, nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal. The single-sludge activated sludge system is
commonly a continuous flow system using sedimentation clarification. Lenox
Institute of Water Technology (LIWT) has developed three innovative singlesludge activated sludge systems all for carbonaceous oxidation, nitrification,
denitrification, and phosphorus removal: (a) continuous flow single sludge system using flotation clarification; (b) sequencing batch reactors (SBR) using
sedimentation for carbonaceous removal and nutrient removal; and (c) SBR
using flotation for carbonaceous removal and nutrient removal.
482
M.-H. S. Wang and L. K. Wang