Radiation Energy transfer in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles that
release energy when absorbed by an object.
Radiative forcing A measure of the influence of a particular factor (e.g., greenhouse gas (GHG), aerosol, or land use change) on the net change in the Earth’s
energy balance.
Ramming It is a term applied to the excessive shock to which the dredge pump is
subjected to as a result of suddenly losing and regaining suction.
Rapid mixing A water treatment unit process of quickly mixing a chemical solution uniformly through the process water.
Raw wastewater Plant influent or wastewater BEFORE any treatment.
Reactivity Any substance exhibits the characteristic of reactivity if it has any of the
following properties: (a) it is normally unstable and readily undergoes violent
change without detonation; (b) it reacts violently with water; (c) it forms potentially explosive mixtures with water; (d) when mixed with water, it generates
toxic gases, vapors, or fumes in a quantity sufficient to present a danger to human
health or the environment; (e) it is a cyanide- or sulfide-bearing substance, which,
when exposed to pH conditions between 2 and 12.5, can generate toxic gases,
vapors, or fumes in a quantity sufficient to present a danger to human health or the
environment; (f) it is capable of detonation or explosive reaction if subjected to a
strong initiating source or if heated under confinement; (g) it is readily capable of
detonation or explosive decomposition or reaction at standard temperature and
pressure; (h) it is forbidden explosive as defined in 49 CFR 173.51, or a Class A
explosive as defined in 49 CFR 173.53 or Class B explosive as defined in 49 CFR
173.88.
Reagent A chemical substance used to cause a reaction for the purpose of chemical
analysis.
Reagent blank A sample consisting of reagent(s), without the target analyte or
sample matrix, introduced into the analytical procedure at the appropriate point
and carried through all subsequent steps to determine the contribution of the
reagents and of the involved analytical steps to error in the observed value.
Reagent grade The second highest purity designation for reagents, which conform
to the current specifications of the American Chemical Society Committee on
Analytical Reagents.
Reagent solution A distilled water containing a chemical substance used to cause a
reaction for the purpose of chemical analysis.
Receiving water A stream, river, lake, ocean, or other surface or groundwater into
which treated or untreated wastewater is discharged.
Recirculation The return of part of the effluent from a treatment process to the
incoming flow.
Recovery plant (a) It is a plant designed to recover minerals such as ore. Dredges
can pump a slurry via the discharge pipeline directly to a recovery plant where
water and material are separated. (b) It is a plant designed to recover wastewater
for water reuse.
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release energy when absorbed by an object.
Radiative forcing A measure of the influence of a particular factor (e.g., greenhouse gas (GHG), aerosol, or land use change) on the net change in the Earth’s
energy balance.
Ramming It is a term applied to the excessive shock to which the dredge pump is
subjected to as a result of suddenly losing and regaining suction.
Rapid mixing A water treatment unit process of quickly mixing a chemical solution uniformly through the process water.
Raw wastewater Plant influent or wastewater BEFORE any treatment.
Reactivity Any substance exhibits the characteristic of reactivity if it has any of the
following properties: (a) it is normally unstable and readily undergoes violent
change without detonation; (b) it reacts violently with water; (c) it forms potentially explosive mixtures with water; (d) when mixed with water, it generates
toxic gases, vapors, or fumes in a quantity sufficient to present a danger to human
health or the environment; (e) it is a cyanide- or sulfide-bearing substance, which,
when exposed to pH conditions between 2 and 12.5, can generate toxic gases,
vapors, or fumes in a quantity sufficient to present a danger to human health or the
environment; (f) it is capable of detonation or explosive reaction if subjected to a
strong initiating source or if heated under confinement; (g) it is readily capable of
detonation or explosive decomposition or reaction at standard temperature and
pressure; (h) it is forbidden explosive as defined in 49 CFR 173.51, or a Class A
explosive as defined in 49 CFR 173.53 or Class B explosive as defined in 49 CFR
173.88.
Reagent A chemical substance used to cause a reaction for the purpose of chemical
analysis.
Reagent blank A sample consisting of reagent(s), without the target analyte or
sample matrix, introduced into the analytical procedure at the appropriate point
and carried through all subsequent steps to determine the contribution of the
reagents and of the involved analytical steps to error in the observed value.
Reagent grade The second highest purity designation for reagents, which conform
to the current specifications of the American Chemical Society Committee on
Analytical Reagents.
Reagent solution A distilled water containing a chemical substance used to cause a
reaction for the purpose of chemical analysis.
Receiving water A stream, river, lake, ocean, or other surface or groundwater into
which treated or untreated wastewater is discharged.
Recirculation The return of part of the effluent from a treatment process to the
incoming flow.
Recovery plant (a) It is a plant designed to recover minerals such as ore. Dredges
can pump a slurry via the discharge pipeline directly to a recovery plant where
water and material are separated. (b) It is a plant designed to recover wastewater
for water reuse.
476
M.-H. S. Wang and L. K. Wang