Land reclamation It is a process consisting of dredging sand, clay, or rock from
offshore or inland lakes, ponds, and quarries. The dredged material is repurposed
as fill material forming new land along coastal waterways or inland water bodies,
such as swamps.
Landfill Land waste disposal site in which waste is generally spread in thin layers,
compacted, and covered with a fresh layer of soil each day.
Landfill, sanitary Burying sludge or solid wastes to minimize nuisance conditions
or public health problem is called sanitary landfill. Sludge and solid wastes are
buried in layers which are covered with fill material excavated at the site.
Landfills must be located where nearby wells and groundwater supplies will not
be contaminated by leachate from the landfill operation. Sludge landfills are
generally separate from refuse landfills.
Landslide Processes that result in the downward movement of falling or flowing
rock, soil, organic materials, or a combination of these.
Latitude The location north or south in reference to the equator, which is designated at zero (0) degrees. Lines of latitude are parallel to the equator and circle the
globe. The North and South poles are at 90
North and South latitude.
Latrine It is a receptacle (like a toilet or something as simple as a pit in the ground)
for use as a sanitation system which functions to receive human excreta.
Laundromat An establishment with coin-operated washing machines and dryers
for public use.
Layer, data It is a logical set of thematic data described and stored in a map library.
Layers act as digital transparencies that can be laid atop one another for viewing
or spatial analysis.
Leaf-cutting bee (Megachile pascoensis) They prepare a tunnel in the ground or in
rotten wood. The female flies to a suitable flower and cuts parts out of the petals,
or the leaves. These round disks are brought back to the tunnel and used construct
a small cradle. The female also collect foods for other bees. They are natural bees
of wild species, not affecting humans.
Least developed country A country with low indicators of socioeconomic development and human resources, as well as economic vulnerability, as determined
by the United Nations.
Line data Lines represent geographic features too narrow to be displayed as an area
at a given scale, such as contours, street centerlines, or streams.
Listed wastes In the USA, the government listed wastes are wastes specifically
regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and appear on
one of four lists found in 40CFR 261.3. The four USEPA lists, however, fall into
three categories of wastes: (a) nonspecific source wastes, such as generic wastes,
commonly produced wastes by CFR 261.32; (c) commercial chemical products,
such as wastes including specific commercial chemical products or manufacturing chemical intermediates—creosote and kepone, etc., under 40 CFR 261.33
(e) and (f).
Long-wave radiation Radiation emitted in the spectral wavelength greater than
about 4 micrometers, corresponding to the radiation emitted from the Earth and
atmosphere. It is sometimes referred to as “terrestrial radiation” or “infrared
radiation,” although somewhat imprecisely.
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463
offshore or inland lakes, ponds, and quarries. The dredged material is repurposed
as fill material forming new land along coastal waterways or inland water bodies,
such as swamps.
Landfill Land waste disposal site in which waste is generally spread in thin layers,
compacted, and covered with a fresh layer of soil each day.
Landfill, sanitary Burying sludge or solid wastes to minimize nuisance conditions
or public health problem is called sanitary landfill. Sludge and solid wastes are
buried in layers which are covered with fill material excavated at the site.
Landfills must be located where nearby wells and groundwater supplies will not
be contaminated by leachate from the landfill operation. Sludge landfills are
generally separate from refuse landfills.
Landslide Processes that result in the downward movement of falling or flowing
rock, soil, organic materials, or a combination of these.
Latitude The location north or south in reference to the equator, which is designated at zero (0) degrees. Lines of latitude are parallel to the equator and circle the
globe. The North and South poles are at 90
North and South latitude.
Latrine It is a receptacle (like a toilet or something as simple as a pit in the ground)
for use as a sanitation system which functions to receive human excreta.
Laundromat An establishment with coin-operated washing machines and dryers
for public use.
Layer, data It is a logical set of thematic data described and stored in a map library.
Layers act as digital transparencies that can be laid atop one another for viewing
or spatial analysis.
Leaf-cutting bee (Megachile pascoensis) They prepare a tunnel in the ground or in
rotten wood. The female flies to a suitable flower and cuts parts out of the petals,
or the leaves. These round disks are brought back to the tunnel and used construct
a small cradle. The female also collect foods for other bees. They are natural bees
of wild species, not affecting humans.
Least developed country A country with low indicators of socioeconomic development and human resources, as well as economic vulnerability, as determined
by the United Nations.
Line data Lines represent geographic features too narrow to be displayed as an area
at a given scale, such as contours, street centerlines, or streams.
Listed wastes In the USA, the government listed wastes are wastes specifically
regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and appear on
one of four lists found in 40CFR 261.3. The four USEPA lists, however, fall into
three categories of wastes: (a) nonspecific source wastes, such as generic wastes,
commonly produced wastes by CFR 261.32; (c) commercial chemical products,
such as wastes including specific commercial chemical products or manufacturing chemical intermediates—creosote and kepone, etc., under 40 CFR 261.33
(e) and (f).
Long-wave radiation Radiation emitted in the spectral wavelength greater than
about 4 micrometers, corresponding to the radiation emitted from the Earth and
atmosphere. It is sometimes referred to as “terrestrial radiation” or “infrared
radiation,” although somewhat imprecisely.
12 Glossary of Natural Resources and Environmental Pollution Control
463