climate change and environmental, social, and economic sciences from some
60 nations have helped the IPCC to prepare periodic assessments of the scientific
underpinnings for understanding global climate change and its consequences.
With its capacity for reporting on climate change, its consequences, and the
viability of adaptation and mitigation measures, the IPCC is also looked to as
the official advisory body to the world’s governments on the state of the science
of the climate change issue.
Internet The Internet (portmanteau of interconnected network) is the global system
of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite
(TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of
private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global
scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking
technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and
services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the
World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.
Inundation The submergence of land by water, particularly in a coastal setting.
Ion A charged atom, molecule, or radical that affects the transport of electricity
through an electrolyte or gas. An atom or molecule that has lost or gained one or
more electrons
KAMET It is the abbreviation of Krofta Advanced Municipal Effluent Treatment
(KAMET), and is a circular package plant consisting of both Supracell and
Sandfloat with Supracell on the top. KAMET system can be used for either
water treatment or wastewater treatment, but is advertised for wastewater
treatment.
Kraus activated sludge process When nitrogen deficiency occurs in biological
wastewater treatment and exogenous supply of nitrogen is expensive, the Kraus
process can be useful in that an internal or endogenous supply of nitrogen is used
to maintain the growth of active biomass. The Kraus process has a regular
aeration tank (conventional, step aeration or complete mix) plus an extra
reaeration tank. The reaeration tank receives (a) return activated sludge from a
secondary clarifier, (b) digester supernatant, (c) digested sludge, and (d) possible
other nitrogen source, if needed, and aerates the mixture. When the reaeration
tank effluent is introduced into the aeration tank with the wastewater influent, the
nitrate released from the reaeration tank serves as the supplemental nitrogen
source for synthesis.
Ladder, dredge It is a ladder that extends from the front position of the cutter
suction dredge (CSD)and is attached to the pontoon by a hinge coupling. It is
lowered by the dredge operator via controls located inside the control cab. The
cutter head attached at the end of ladder excavates the material being dredged.
Lagoon, aerated An aerated lagoon is a holding basin (3–10 days DT; 6–20 ft.
depth) in which air is mechanically introduced to speed up aerobic decomposition
of organic pollutants in wastewater. It is essentially the same as the extended
aeration activated sludge biological process, except that an earthen basin is used
for the aerobic suspended-growth bioreactor. The downstream of an aerated
12 Glossary of Natural Resources and Environmental Pollution Control
461
60 nations have helped the IPCC to prepare periodic assessments of the scientific
underpinnings for understanding global climate change and its consequences.
With its capacity for reporting on climate change, its consequences, and the
viability of adaptation and mitigation measures, the IPCC is also looked to as
the official advisory body to the world’s governments on the state of the science
of the climate change issue.
Internet The Internet (portmanteau of interconnected network) is the global system
of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite
(TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of
private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global
scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking
technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and
services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the
World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.
Inundation The submergence of land by water, particularly in a coastal setting.
Ion A charged atom, molecule, or radical that affects the transport of electricity
through an electrolyte or gas. An atom or molecule that has lost or gained one or
more electrons
KAMET It is the abbreviation of Krofta Advanced Municipal Effluent Treatment
(KAMET), and is a circular package plant consisting of both Supracell and
Sandfloat with Supracell on the top. KAMET system can be used for either
water treatment or wastewater treatment, but is advertised for wastewater
treatment.
Kraus activated sludge process When nitrogen deficiency occurs in biological
wastewater treatment and exogenous supply of nitrogen is expensive, the Kraus
process can be useful in that an internal or endogenous supply of nitrogen is used
to maintain the growth of active biomass. The Kraus process has a regular
aeration tank (conventional, step aeration or complete mix) plus an extra
reaeration tank. The reaeration tank receives (a) return activated sludge from a
secondary clarifier, (b) digester supernatant, (c) digested sludge, and (d) possible
other nitrogen source, if needed, and aerates the mixture. When the reaeration
tank effluent is introduced into the aeration tank with the wastewater influent, the
nitrate released from the reaeration tank serves as the supplemental nitrogen
source for synthesis.
Ladder, dredge It is a ladder that extends from the front position of the cutter
suction dredge (CSD)and is attached to the pontoon by a hinge coupling. It is
lowered by the dredge operator via controls located inside the control cab. The
cutter head attached at the end of ladder excavates the material being dredged.
Lagoon, aerated An aerated lagoon is a holding basin (3–10 days DT; 6–20 ft.
depth) in which air is mechanically introduced to speed up aerobic decomposition
of organic pollutants in wastewater. It is essentially the same as the extended
aeration activated sludge biological process, except that an earthen basin is used
for the aerobic suspended-growth bioreactor. The downstream of an aerated
12 Glossary of Natural Resources and Environmental Pollution Control
461