effluent in order to meet the effluent discharge standards. In the nitrification and
denitrification steps, only tertiary sedimentation clarification will be used for
solid-water separation.
Cooling It is a thermodynamic process to lower the temperature.
Cooling range The temperature difference between hot water entering the tower
and cooled water exiting the tower.
Coordinate It is an x,y location in a Cartesian coordinate system or an x,y,z
coordinate in a three-dimensional system. Coordinates represent locations on
the Earth’s surface relative to other locations.
Coral bleaching The process in which a coral colony, under environmental stress,
expels the microscopic algae (zooxanthellae) that live in symbiosis with their host
organisms (polyps). The affected coral colony appears whitened.
Corrosivity Any substance, which exhibits any of the following properties, is
considered a hazardous waste due to corrosivity: (a) an aqueous material with
pH less than or equal to 2 or greater than or equal to 12.5; and (b) a liquid that
corrodes steel at a rate greater than 1/4 inch per year at a temperature of 55
C.
Cross connection A connection between a drinking (potable) water system and an
unapproved water supply. For example, if you have a pump moving nonpotable
water and hook into the drinking water system to supply water for the pump seal,
a cross connection, or mixing, between the two water systems can occur. This
mixing may lead to contamination of the drinking water.
Cryosphere One of the interrelated components of the Earth’s system, the
cryosphere, is frozen water in the form of snow, permanently frozen ground
(permafrost), floating ice, and glaciers. Fluctuations in the volume of the
cryosphere cause changes in ocean sea level, which directly impact the atmosphere and biosphere.
CSHO It is an abbreviation for an OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officer.
Cuckoo bee (Epeolus compactus) They are parasitic bees of wild species, not
affecting humans. They lack pollen-carrying baskets or brushes. So they are
parasitic, usually on species of bees of the genus Colletes.
Cutter It describes the type of excavator head such as a basket cutterhead, plainedge cutter, or bucketwheel, which houses the suction intake and is used for
cutting or agitating the materials being dredged.
DAF Dissolved air flotation process.
DAFF Dissolved air flotation and filtration.
Data Facts or figures from which conclusions can be inferred.
Database It is a logical collection of interrelated information, managed and stored
as a unit. A GIS database includes data about the spatial location and shape of
geographic features recorded as points, lines, and polygons as well as their
attributes.
Debris flow Another term for a landslide or mudslide. See landslide definition.
Dechlorination It is a process for removal of excess amount of residual chlorine in
a chlorination disinfection process. Dechlorination is accomplished by using a
reducing chemical such as sulfur dioxide (gas), sodium bisulfate (liquid), or
sodium metabisulfite (liquid).
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441
denitrification steps, only tertiary sedimentation clarification will be used for
solid-water separation.
Cooling It is a thermodynamic process to lower the temperature.
Cooling range The temperature difference between hot water entering the tower
and cooled water exiting the tower.
Coordinate It is an x,y location in a Cartesian coordinate system or an x,y,z
coordinate in a three-dimensional system. Coordinates represent locations on
the Earth’s surface relative to other locations.
Coral bleaching The process in which a coral colony, under environmental stress,
expels the microscopic algae (zooxanthellae) that live in symbiosis with their host
organisms (polyps). The affected coral colony appears whitened.
Corrosivity Any substance, which exhibits any of the following properties, is
considered a hazardous waste due to corrosivity: (a) an aqueous material with
pH less than or equal to 2 or greater than or equal to 12.5; and (b) a liquid that
corrodes steel at a rate greater than 1/4 inch per year at a temperature of 55
C.
Cross connection A connection between a drinking (potable) water system and an
unapproved water supply. For example, if you have a pump moving nonpotable
water and hook into the drinking water system to supply water for the pump seal,
a cross connection, or mixing, between the two water systems can occur. This
mixing may lead to contamination of the drinking water.
Cryosphere One of the interrelated components of the Earth’s system, the
cryosphere, is frozen water in the form of snow, permanently frozen ground
(permafrost), floating ice, and glaciers. Fluctuations in the volume of the
cryosphere cause changes in ocean sea level, which directly impact the atmosphere and biosphere.
CSHO It is an abbreviation for an OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officer.
Cuckoo bee (Epeolus compactus) They are parasitic bees of wild species, not
affecting humans. They lack pollen-carrying baskets or brushes. So they are
parasitic, usually on species of bees of the genus Colletes.
Cutter It describes the type of excavator head such as a basket cutterhead, plainedge cutter, or bucketwheel, which houses the suction intake and is used for
cutting or agitating the materials being dredged.
DAF Dissolved air flotation process.
DAFF Dissolved air flotation and filtration.
Data Facts or figures from which conclusions can be inferred.
Database It is a logical collection of interrelated information, managed and stored
as a unit. A GIS database includes data about the spatial location and shape of
geographic features recorded as points, lines, and polygons as well as their
attributes.
Debris flow Another term for a landslide or mudslide. See landslide definition.
Dechlorination It is a process for removal of excess amount of residual chlorine in
a chlorination disinfection process. Dechlorination is accomplished by using a
reducing chemical such as sulfur dioxide (gas), sodium bisulfate (liquid), or
sodium metabisulfite (liquid).
12 Glossary of Natural Resources and Environmental Pollution Control
441