Briefing A type of training that is a short meeting to provide information about a
specific topic.
Brood They are immature bees that have not yet emerged from their cells; brood of
different ages can be in the form of eggs, larvae, or pupae.
Buffer (a) It is a zone of a specified distance around a feature; (b) it is a solution or
liquid whose chemical makeup neutralizes acids or bases without a great change
in pH.
Buffer solution It is either called pH buffer or hydrogen ion buffer, which is an
aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or
vice versa. Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is
added to it.
Bulking They are clouds of billowing sludge that occur throughout secondary
clarifiers and sludge thickeners when the sludge does not settle properly. In the
activated sludge process, bulking is usually caused by filamentous bacteria or
bound water.
Bumble bee (Bombus occidentalis) They are natural bees in black and yellow
color. A bumble bee’s body is densely pilose, and its wings are transparent. They
are natural important pollinators. They nest in the ground. Although bumble bees
are closely related to honey bees, their life cycle is different, because only the
young queen overwinters. In the fall, the female will mate with a male and this
young queen will overwinter alone, the male dying shortly after mating. As spring
approaches, the queen starts a new colony by herself— finding or building a
cavity in the ground, laying eggs, developing larvae, constructing the waxen
honey pot as initial foods, and waiting for development of worker bee, drone
bees, etc.
Business recovery The identification of the systems in place to continue business
and administrative operations after an incident.
Cadmium A minor metallic element, one of the naturally occurring components in
the Earth’s crust and waters, and present everywhere in our environment.
Calibrate To determine, by measurement or comparison with a standard, the
correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other device, or the correct
value for each setting of a control knob. The levels of the calibration standards
should bracket the range of planned measurements.
Calibration The checking, adjusting, or systematic standardizing of the graduations of a quantitative measuring instrument.
Calibration curve The graphical relationship between the known values for a
series of calibration standards and instrument responses.
Calibration standard A substance or reference material used to calibrate an
instrument.
Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) Carbon capture and sequestration
(CCS) is a set of technologies that can greatly reduce carbon dioxide emissions
from new and existing coal- and gas-fired power plants, industrial processes, and
other stationary sources of carbon dioxide. It is a three-step process that includes
capture of carbon dioxide from power plants or industrial sources; transport of the
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specific topic.
Brood They are immature bees that have not yet emerged from their cells; brood of
different ages can be in the form of eggs, larvae, or pupae.
Buffer (a) It is a zone of a specified distance around a feature; (b) it is a solution or
liquid whose chemical makeup neutralizes acids or bases without a great change
in pH.
Buffer solution It is either called pH buffer or hydrogen ion buffer, which is an
aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or
vice versa. Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is
added to it.
Bulking They are clouds of billowing sludge that occur throughout secondary
clarifiers and sludge thickeners when the sludge does not settle properly. In the
activated sludge process, bulking is usually caused by filamentous bacteria or
bound water.
Bumble bee (Bombus occidentalis) They are natural bees in black and yellow
color. A bumble bee’s body is densely pilose, and its wings are transparent. They
are natural important pollinators. They nest in the ground. Although bumble bees
are closely related to honey bees, their life cycle is different, because only the
young queen overwinters. In the fall, the female will mate with a male and this
young queen will overwinter alone, the male dying shortly after mating. As spring
approaches, the queen starts a new colony by herself— finding or building a
cavity in the ground, laying eggs, developing larvae, constructing the waxen
honey pot as initial foods, and waiting for development of worker bee, drone
bees, etc.
Business recovery The identification of the systems in place to continue business
and administrative operations after an incident.
Cadmium A minor metallic element, one of the naturally occurring components in
the Earth’s crust and waters, and present everywhere in our environment.
Calibrate To determine, by measurement or comparison with a standard, the
correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other device, or the correct
value for each setting of a control knob. The levels of the calibration standards
should bracket the range of planned measurements.
Calibration The checking, adjusting, or systematic standardizing of the graduations of a quantitative measuring instrument.
Calibration curve The graphical relationship between the known values for a
series of calibration standards and instrument responses.
Calibration standard A substance or reference material used to calibrate an
instrument.
Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) Carbon capture and sequestration
(CCS) is a set of technologies that can greatly reduce carbon dioxide emissions
from new and existing coal- and gas-fired power plants, industrial processes, and
other stationary sources of carbon dioxide. It is a three-step process that includes
capture of carbon dioxide from power plants or industrial sources; transport of the
432
M.-H. S. Wang and L. K. Wang