nuisances, i.e., a “pest.” Control of undesirable pests (i.e., certain plants, insects,
animals, and microbes) includes both the management of the pest occurrence (e.g.,
the rodent) as well as any vector organisms that may carry a pathogen (e.g., a
malaria-carrying mosquito). Such control or management of the occurrence of
pests is addressed by both environmental approaches and that of pesticides. As a
necessary precursor to the application of pesticides, successful strategies are
employed in the environmental control of undesirable organisms through manipulation of the physical and ecological factors within the pest habitat. Together, this
approach is regarded as Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Pesticide approaches
encompass a wide arrange of organic and inorganic chemistries, which for many
years have been developed to both great success and unintended damage to nontarget organisms, including humans. Specific pests and vectors are to be discussed
within this chapter that highlight the economic impact of such agents on human
health and agricultural productivity.
Keywords Pest · Vector · Environmental control · Pesticide · Pathogenic
organisms · Humans · Plants · Nuisance plants · Pollution · Health risks
Acronym
Ca(OH) 2
Slaked lime
CCA treatment Chromium, copper, and arsenic treatments
CuSO 4
Copper (II) sulfate
FFDCA
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
IPM
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
UC
University of California (UC)
USEPA
US Environmental Protection Agency
1 Introduction
Among the plants and animals inhabiting the earth, there are very few taxonomic
categories that do not contain some organisms capable of producing human sickness
or of causing economic loss, or that simply may be classified as nuisances, i.e., a
“pest”. Control of undesirable pests (i.e., certain plants, insects, animals, and
microbes) includes both the management of the pest occurrence (e.g., the rodent)
as well as any vector organisms that may carry a pathogen (e.g., a malaria-carrying
mosquito). Such control or management of the occurrence of pests is addressed by
both nonchemical or environmental approaches and chemical pesticides.
As a necessary precursor to the application of chemical pesticides, successful
strategies are employed in the environmental control of undesirable organisms
through manipulation of the physical and ecological factors within the pest habitat.
388
L. S. Clesceri and E. J. Clesceri
animals, and microbes) includes both the management of the pest occurrence (e.g.,
the rodent) as well as any vector organisms that may carry a pathogen (e.g., a
malaria-carrying mosquito). Such control or management of the occurrence of
pests is addressed by both environmental approaches and that of pesticides. As a
necessary precursor to the application of pesticides, successful strategies are
employed in the environmental control of undesirable organisms through manipulation of the physical and ecological factors within the pest habitat. Together, this
approach is regarded as Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Pesticide approaches
encompass a wide arrange of organic and inorganic chemistries, which for many
years have been developed to both great success and unintended damage to nontarget organisms, including humans. Specific pests and vectors are to be discussed
within this chapter that highlight the economic impact of such agents on human
health and agricultural productivity.
Keywords Pest · Vector · Environmental control · Pesticide · Pathogenic
organisms · Humans · Plants · Nuisance plants · Pollution · Health risks
Acronym
Ca(OH) 2
Slaked lime
CCA treatment Chromium, copper, and arsenic treatments
CuSO 4
Copper (II) sulfate
FFDCA
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
IPM
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
UC
University of California (UC)
USEPA
US Environmental Protection Agency
1 Introduction
Among the plants and animals inhabiting the earth, there are very few taxonomic
categories that do not contain some organisms capable of producing human sickness
or of causing economic loss, or that simply may be classified as nuisances, i.e., a
“pest”. Control of undesirable pests (i.e., certain plants, insects, animals, and
microbes) includes both the management of the pest occurrence (e.g., the rodent)
as well as any vector organisms that may carry a pathogen (e.g., a malaria-carrying
mosquito). Such control or management of the occurrence of pests is addressed by
both nonchemical or environmental approaches and chemical pesticides.
As a necessary precursor to the application of chemical pesticides, successful
strategies are employed in the environmental control of undesirable organisms
through manipulation of the physical and ecological factors within the pest habitat.
388
L. S. Clesceri and E. J. Clesceri