Abstract This chapter introduces the basic hydrology, water resources, and a
dissolved air flotation (DAF) boat plant for lake water treatment. Specific coverage
includes special features of water and their relationship to life on earth, hydrology,
evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration, infiltration, percolation, runoff,
ground water, impact of pollution on lakes, thermal impacts on the aquatic environment, toxics in water resources, goals of water pollution control, dissolved air
flotation boat plant for lake restoration, glossary, and a list of authors’ recent
publications.
Keywords Donald B. Aulenbach · Lenox Institute of Water Technology · Nazih
K. Shammas · Hydrology · Water resources · Dissolved air flotation · DAF · Boat
water treatment plant · DAF boat plant · Lake restoration · Water pollution control
Nomenclature
A
The tributary drainage area in hectares or acres or mi
2
B
The ratio of heat loss by conduction to heat loss by evaporation
C
The coefficient of runoff, which is equal to the ratio of runoff to
precipitation for the individual area at a specific time and usually
averages about 0.3 (however, if there was a recent antecedent storm that
has saturated the ground, the value may approach 0.9, and it may be greater
than 1 with melting ice and snow)
c
The weir coefficient, which varies between 2.5 and 3.5
C e
A coefficient which varies, being 15 for small shallow lakes and ponds and
for leaves and grass and 11 for large and deep bodies of water
d
Drawdown in m (ft) in the vicinity of the pumping well in which the
observation well is r m (ft) from the pumped well
e
The voids ratio, e, which is the ratio of the pore volume to the solid volume
and equals:
E
The evaporation, in/mo
e a
The vapor pressure of the air in millibars
e s
The vapor pressure of the water surface in millibars
F
The recurrence interval or frequency in years that a stated intensity is
equaled or exceeded
f
A coefficient equal to T m  P m /100 and equal to the monthly consumptive
use
H
The head above the spillway in m (ft)
H v
The latent heat of vaporization which is assumed to be 536 cal/g
i
The average intensity of rainfall for the specified period of time and may be
expressed as cm/h (in/h)
k
The monthly consumptive use coefficient, which equals 0.55 for garden
vegetables, melons, and winter grain; 0.65 for grasses, brambles, leaves,
peas, potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, and small grain; and 0.75 for corn,
alfalfa, and orchard with cover
230
D. B. Aulenbach et al.
dissolved air flotation (DAF) boat plant for lake water treatment. Specific coverage
includes special features of water and their relationship to life on earth, hydrology,
evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration, infiltration, percolation, runoff,
ground water, impact of pollution on lakes, thermal impacts on the aquatic environment, toxics in water resources, goals of water pollution control, dissolved air
flotation boat plant for lake restoration, glossary, and a list of authors’ recent
publications.
Keywords Donald B. Aulenbach · Lenox Institute of Water Technology · Nazih
K. Shammas · Hydrology · Water resources · Dissolved air flotation · DAF · Boat
water treatment plant · DAF boat plant · Lake restoration · Water pollution control
Nomenclature
A
The tributary drainage area in hectares or acres or mi
2
B
The ratio of heat loss by conduction to heat loss by evaporation
C
The coefficient of runoff, which is equal to the ratio of runoff to
precipitation for the individual area at a specific time and usually
averages about 0.3 (however, if there was a recent antecedent storm that
has saturated the ground, the value may approach 0.9, and it may be greater
than 1 with melting ice and snow)
c
The weir coefficient, which varies between 2.5 and 3.5
C e
A coefficient which varies, being 15 for small shallow lakes and ponds and
for leaves and grass and 11 for large and deep bodies of water
d
Drawdown in m (ft) in the vicinity of the pumping well in which the
observation well is r m (ft) from the pumped well
e
The voids ratio, e, which is the ratio of the pore volume to the solid volume
and equals:
E
The evaporation, in/mo
e a
The vapor pressure of the air in millibars
e s
The vapor pressure of the water surface in millibars
F
The recurrence interval or frequency in years that a stated intensity is
equaled or exceeded
f
A coefficient equal to T m  P m /100 and equal to the monthly consumptive
use
H
The head above the spillway in m (ft)
H v
The latent heat of vaporization which is assumed to be 536 cal/g
i
The average intensity of rainfall for the specified period of time and may be
expressed as cm/h (in/h)
k
The monthly consumptive use coefficient, which equals 0.55 for garden
vegetables, melons, and winter grain; 0.65 for grasses, brambles, leaves,
peas, potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, and small grain; and 0.75 for corn,
alfalfa, and orchard with cover
230
D. B. Aulenbach et al.