64. Townsend TM, Kirby C, Ruff A, O’Connor AR (2017) Transfer hydrogenation of aromatic
and linear aldehydes catalyzed using Cp*Ir(pyridinesulfonamide)Cl complexes under basefree conditions. J Organomet Chem 843:7–13
65. Garhwal S, Maji B, Semwal S, Choudhury J (2018) Ambient-pressure and base-free aldehyde
hydrogenation catalyst supported by a bifunctional abnormal NHC ligand. Organometallics
37:4720–4725
66. Thananatthanachon T, Rauchfuss TB (2010) Efficient route to hydroxymethylfurans from
sugars via transfer hydrogenation. ChemSusChem 3:1139–1141
67. Padilla R, Koranchalil S, Nielsen M (2020) Efficient and selective catalytic hydrogenation of
furanic aldehydes using well defined Ru and Ir pincer complexes. Green Chem. https://doi.org/
10.1039/D1030GC01543A
68. Long J, Xu Y, Zhao W, Li H, Yang S (2019) Heterogeneous catalytic upgrading of biofuranic
aldehydes to alcohols. Front Chem 7:529
69. Hayes DJ, Fitzpatrick S, Hayes MHB, Ross JRH (2008) Kamm B, Gruber PR, Kamm M (eds)
Biorefineries-industrial processes and products. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 139–164
70. Alonso DM, Wettstein SG, Dumesic JA (2013) Gamma-valerolactone, a sustainable platform
molecule derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Green Chem 15:584–595
71. Deng J, Wang Y, Pan T, Xu Q, Guo QX, Fu Y (2013) Conversion of carbohydrate biomass to
γ-valerolactone by using water-soluble and reusable iridium complexes in acidic aqueous
media. ChemSusChem 6:1163–1167
72. Wang S, Huang H, Dorcet V, Roisnel T, Bruneau C, Fischmeister C (2017) Efficient iridium
catalysts for base-free hydrogenation of Levulinic acid. Organometallics 36:3152–3162
73. Padilla R, Jørgensen MSB, Paixão MW, Nielsen M (2019) Efficient catalytic hydrogenation of
alkyl levulinates to γ-valerolactone. Green Chem 21:5195–5200
74. Li W, Xie JH, Lin H, Zhou QL (2012) Highly efficient hydrogenation of biomass-derived
levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone catalyzed by iridium pincer complexes. Green Chem
14:2388–2390
75. Anjali K, Aswini MS, Aswin P, Ganesh V, Sakthivel A (2019) Iridium tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)
porphyrin, calix[4]pyrrole and Tetraphenyl porphyrin complexes as potential hydrogenation
catalysts. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019:4087–4094
76. Démolis A, Essayem N, Rataboul F (2014) Synthesis and applications of alkyl levulinates.
ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2:1338–1352
77. Wang K, Heltzel J, Sandefur E, Culley K, Lemcoff G, Voutchkova-Kostal A (2020) Transfer
hydrogenation of levulinic acid from glycerol and ethanol using water-soluble iridium
N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. J Organomet Chem 919:121310–121310
78. Wang S, Huang H, Bruneau C, Fischmeister C (2017) Selective and efficient iridium catalyst
for the reductive amination of levulinic acid into pyrrolidones. ChemSusChem 10:4150–4154
79. Xu Z, Yan P, Jiang H, Liu K, Zhang ZC (2017) Iridium-catalyzed reductive amination of
levulinic acid to pyrrolidinones under H2 in water. Chin J Chem 35:581–585
80. Wei Y, Wang C, Jiang X, Xue D, Li J, Xiao J (2013) Highly efficient transformation of
levulinic acid into pyrrolidinones by iridium catalysed transfer hydrogenation. Chem Commun
49:5408–5410
81. Wang S, Huang H, Bruneau C, Fischmeister C (2019) Formic acid as a hydrogen source for the
iridium-catalyzed reductive amination of levulinic acid and 2-formylbenzoic acid. Cat Sci
Technol 9:4077–4082
82. Guan C, Pan YP, Zhang TH, Ajitha MJ, Huang KW (2020) An update on formic acid
dehydrogenation by homogeneous catalysis. Chem Asian J 15:937–946
83. Onishi N, Laurenczy G, Beller M, Himeda Y (2018) Recent progress for reversible homogeneous catalytic hydrogen storage in formic acid and in methanol. Coord Chem Rev
373:317–332
84. Wang S, Huang H, Roisnel T, Bruneau C, Fischmeister C (2019) Base-free dehydrogenation
of aqueous and neat formic acid with iridium(III) Cp*(dipyridylamine) catalysts.
ChemSusChem 12:179–184
Homogenous Iridium Catalysts for Biomass Conversion
393
and linear aldehydes catalyzed using Cp*Ir(pyridinesulfonamide)Cl complexes under basefree conditions. J Organomet Chem 843:7–13
65. Garhwal S, Maji B, Semwal S, Choudhury J (2018) Ambient-pressure and base-free aldehyde
hydrogenation catalyst supported by a bifunctional abnormal NHC ligand. Organometallics
37:4720–4725
66. Thananatthanachon T, Rauchfuss TB (2010) Efficient route to hydroxymethylfurans from
sugars via transfer hydrogenation. ChemSusChem 3:1139–1141
67. Padilla R, Koranchalil S, Nielsen M (2020) Efficient and selective catalytic hydrogenation of
furanic aldehydes using well defined Ru and Ir pincer complexes. Green Chem. https://doi.org/
10.1039/D1030GC01543A
68. Long J, Xu Y, Zhao W, Li H, Yang S (2019) Heterogeneous catalytic upgrading of biofuranic
aldehydes to alcohols. Front Chem 7:529
69. Hayes DJ, Fitzpatrick S, Hayes MHB, Ross JRH (2008) Kamm B, Gruber PR, Kamm M (eds)
Biorefineries-industrial processes and products. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 139–164
70. Alonso DM, Wettstein SG, Dumesic JA (2013) Gamma-valerolactone, a sustainable platform
molecule derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Green Chem 15:584–595
71. Deng J, Wang Y, Pan T, Xu Q, Guo QX, Fu Y (2013) Conversion of carbohydrate biomass to
γ-valerolactone by using water-soluble and reusable iridium complexes in acidic aqueous
media. ChemSusChem 6:1163–1167
72. Wang S, Huang H, Dorcet V, Roisnel T, Bruneau C, Fischmeister C (2017) Efficient iridium
catalysts for base-free hydrogenation of Levulinic acid. Organometallics 36:3152–3162
73. Padilla R, Jørgensen MSB, Paixão MW, Nielsen M (2019) Efficient catalytic hydrogenation of
alkyl levulinates to γ-valerolactone. Green Chem 21:5195–5200
74. Li W, Xie JH, Lin H, Zhou QL (2012) Highly efficient hydrogenation of biomass-derived
levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone catalyzed by iridium pincer complexes. Green Chem
14:2388–2390
75. Anjali K, Aswini MS, Aswin P, Ganesh V, Sakthivel A (2019) Iridium tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)
porphyrin, calix[4]pyrrole and Tetraphenyl porphyrin complexes as potential hydrogenation
catalysts. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019:4087–4094
76. Démolis A, Essayem N, Rataboul F (2014) Synthesis and applications of alkyl levulinates.
ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2:1338–1352
77. Wang K, Heltzel J, Sandefur E, Culley K, Lemcoff G, Voutchkova-Kostal A (2020) Transfer
hydrogenation of levulinic acid from glycerol and ethanol using water-soluble iridium
N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. J Organomet Chem 919:121310–121310
78. Wang S, Huang H, Bruneau C, Fischmeister C (2017) Selective and efficient iridium catalyst
for the reductive amination of levulinic acid into pyrrolidones. ChemSusChem 10:4150–4154
79. Xu Z, Yan P, Jiang H, Liu K, Zhang ZC (2017) Iridium-catalyzed reductive amination of
levulinic acid to pyrrolidinones under H2 in water. Chin J Chem 35:581–585
80. Wei Y, Wang C, Jiang X, Xue D, Li J, Xiao J (2013) Highly efficient transformation of
levulinic acid into pyrrolidinones by iridium catalysed transfer hydrogenation. Chem Commun
49:5408–5410
81. Wang S, Huang H, Bruneau C, Fischmeister C (2019) Formic acid as a hydrogen source for the
iridium-catalyzed reductive amination of levulinic acid and 2-formylbenzoic acid. Cat Sci
Technol 9:4077–4082
82. Guan C, Pan YP, Zhang TH, Ajitha MJ, Huang KW (2020) An update on formic acid
dehydrogenation by homogeneous catalysis. Chem Asian J 15:937–946
83. Onishi N, Laurenczy G, Beller M, Himeda Y (2018) Recent progress for reversible homogeneous catalytic hydrogen storage in formic acid and in methanol. Coord Chem Rev
373:317–332
84. Wang S, Huang H, Roisnel T, Bruneau C, Fischmeister C (2019) Base-free dehydrogenation
of aqueous and neat formic acid with iridium(III) Cp*(dipyridylamine) catalysts.
ChemSusChem 12:179–184
Homogenous Iridium Catalysts for Biomass Conversion
393