16.8.2 Rice Bran Wax and Organogels
The major steps involved in RBO refining are dewaxing, degumming, deacidification, bleaching, deodorization, and winterization (Martini and An 2003; Vali et al.
2005; Ghosh and Bandyopadhyay 2005). Rice bran wax (RBX) is removed in
dewaxing step and may have potential application in various industries like cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food, polymer, and leather (Vali et al. 2005). Organogels are
viscoelastic materials made up of organic gelators and liquid oils (Abdallah et al.
2000). The liquid oil phase is immobilized by a three-dimensional arrangement of
self-assembled, inter-twined gelator fibers (Vintiloiu and Leroux 2008). Organogels
are used in cosmetics, deodorants, and hair-care materials (Pernetti et al. 2007).
Organogels have desirable properties like easy handling, fast melting, enhanced
softness, spreadability, easy film formation, and water-barrier properties (Bot and
Agterof 2006; Bot et al. 2008). Dassanayake et al. (2011) studied the properties of
organogels made from rice RBX, Candelilla Wax (CLX) and Carnauba Wax (CRX)
and observed that the rate of organogel formation, hardness, and the thermal stability
of wax crystals were highest for RBX gels compared to CLX and CRX.
16.8.3 RBO as Antifoaming Agent
Foam formation during chemical processes is undesirable and needs to be collapsed,
and is easily achieved by chemical, mechanical, or thermal means (Perry and Chilton
1973). Dewaxed RBO can be used as an anti-foaming agent in the chemical and food
industry (EI-Zanafi and Zaher 1990). They observed that the power of dewaxed
RBO to break and control the foam formation in an aqueous solution of sodium
dodecyl benzene sulfonate was greater than that of commercial oleic acid. The foam
height could be reduced from 17 cm to 14 cm using 0.5 cm
3 oleic acid and to 10 cm
using 0.5 cm
3 dewaxed rice bran oil.
16.8.4 In Bio Butanol Production
Increase in global warming is witnessed by researchers due to the escalation of
carbon dioxide emissions in the surroundings by incineration of fossil fuels; therefore, search for alternative fuel for transportation is the need of the hour. Defatted
rice bran (DRB) is a cheap and renewable agricultural product accessible all over the
world. DRB is an appealing feedstock for conversion into ethanol as it contains
many carbohydrates (39% cellulose and 31% hemicellulose) and cellulosic polysaccharides and less lignin (4%) (Tanaka et al. 2006; Chandel et al. 2009).
Al-Shorgani et al. (2012) found poor butanol fermentation performance in rice
bran hydrolysates compared to defatted rice bran hydrolysates which were likely
416
U. Yadav et al.
The major steps involved in RBO refining are dewaxing, degumming, deacidification, bleaching, deodorization, and winterization (Martini and An 2003; Vali et al.
2005; Ghosh and Bandyopadhyay 2005). Rice bran wax (RBX) is removed in
dewaxing step and may have potential application in various industries like cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food, polymer, and leather (Vali et al. 2005). Organogels are
viscoelastic materials made up of organic gelators and liquid oils (Abdallah et al.
2000). The liquid oil phase is immobilized by a three-dimensional arrangement of
self-assembled, inter-twined gelator fibers (Vintiloiu and Leroux 2008). Organogels
are used in cosmetics, deodorants, and hair-care materials (Pernetti et al. 2007).
Organogels have desirable properties like easy handling, fast melting, enhanced
softness, spreadability, easy film formation, and water-barrier properties (Bot and
Agterof 2006; Bot et al. 2008). Dassanayake et al. (2011) studied the properties of
organogels made from rice RBX, Candelilla Wax (CLX) and Carnauba Wax (CRX)
and observed that the rate of organogel formation, hardness, and the thermal stability
of wax crystals were highest for RBX gels compared to CLX and CRX.
16.8.3 RBO as Antifoaming Agent
Foam formation during chemical processes is undesirable and needs to be collapsed,
and is easily achieved by chemical, mechanical, or thermal means (Perry and Chilton
1973). Dewaxed RBO can be used as an anti-foaming agent in the chemical and food
industry (EI-Zanafi and Zaher 1990). They observed that the power of dewaxed
RBO to break and control the foam formation in an aqueous solution of sodium
dodecyl benzene sulfonate was greater than that of commercial oleic acid. The foam
height could be reduced from 17 cm to 14 cm using 0.5 cm
3 oleic acid and to 10 cm
using 0.5 cm
3 dewaxed rice bran oil.
16.8.4 In Bio Butanol Production
Increase in global warming is witnessed by researchers due to the escalation of
carbon dioxide emissions in the surroundings by incineration of fossil fuels; therefore, search for alternative fuel for transportation is the need of the hour. Defatted
rice bran (DRB) is a cheap and renewable agricultural product accessible all over the
world. DRB is an appealing feedstock for conversion into ethanol as it contains
many carbohydrates (39% cellulose and 31% hemicellulose) and cellulosic polysaccharides and less lignin (4%) (Tanaka et al. 2006; Chandel et al. 2009).
Al-Shorgani et al. (2012) found poor butanol fermentation performance in rice
bran hydrolysates compared to defatted rice bran hydrolysates which were likely
416
U. Yadav et al.