isomers of vitamin E, has strong anti-inflammatory activity, and aids in the inhibition
of carcinogenesis (Ju et al. 2010). The alpha-tocopherol presents anti-inflammatory
activity and modulates the expression of proteins involved in cholesterol metabolism
(Wallert et al. 2014). Both α- and δ-tocopherols help in decreasing platelet aggregation and low-density lipid oxidation and delaying in thrombus formation and
reduce photo carcinogenesis (Balan et al. 2009).
12.7 Health Attributes
12.7.1 In Diabetic Management
Diabetes is the most common metabolic syndrome in which the body does not
produce or use insulin effectively. Sesame and its products can be efficient in the
prevention of diabetes complications as they contain less carbohydrate, high dietary
fiber, and high protein (Ley et al. 2014; Bigoniya et al. 2012). Various reports
suggest that saturated fatty acid intake is one possible factor for diabetes risk,
whereas edible oils rich in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids effectively reduce
the risk of diabetes (Sankar et al. 2006; Riserus et al. 2009; Patel et al. 2010; Violi
et al. 2015). Since sesame seed and sesame oil are a good source of mono- and
polyunsaturated fatty acids, it can aid in the prevention of diabetes.
The influence of sesame oil (commercial diet containing 2% oil supplemented
with 6% sesame oil) on blood glucose, lipid peroxidation, and status of antioxidants
in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats was assessed for 42 days. The
diabetic rats were observed to have elevated levels of blood glucose
(322.61 Æ 9.49 mg/dL), glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid hydroperoxides,
thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), vitamin E and decreased levels
of hemoglobin, vitamin C, and reduced glutathione (GSH). On the other hand,
sesame oil consumption led to a significant reduction in the blood glucose
(222.02 Æ 8.27 mg/dL), glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid hydroperoxides, and
TBARS and increased the hemoglobin, vitamin E, and GSH levels in the diabetic
rats fed with sesame oil (Ramesh et al. 2005). Numerous studies suggest that
sesamin, the major sesame lignan, is related to lipid metabolism through a series
of biochemical actions in both humans and animals (Hirose et al. 1991; Matsumura
et al. 1998; Chen et al. 2005). Mohammad Shahi et al. (2017) evaluated the effect of
sesamin supplementation on 48 type 2 diabetic patients and reported that after
8 weeks of supplementation, the fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, tumor
necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, waist and hip circumference, and body adipose
index levels reduced significantly ( p < 0.05), whereas adiponectin levels increased
when compared with the placebo. Thuy et al. (2017) investigated the effect of oral
administration of sesamin for 4 weeks (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) on cardiac
function of diabetic rats (diabetes induced by streptozotocin). The results revealed
marginal improvement in the blood glucose levels and body weight of the test group.
However, significant improvement in the heart rate and blood pressure was observed
12 Sesame (Sesamum indicum) Seed
315
of carcinogenesis (Ju et al. 2010). The alpha-tocopherol presents anti-inflammatory
activity and modulates the expression of proteins involved in cholesterol metabolism
(Wallert et al. 2014). Both α- and δ-tocopherols help in decreasing platelet aggregation and low-density lipid oxidation and delaying in thrombus formation and
reduce photo carcinogenesis (Balan et al. 2009).
12.7 Health Attributes
12.7.1 In Diabetic Management
Diabetes is the most common metabolic syndrome in which the body does not
produce or use insulin effectively. Sesame and its products can be efficient in the
prevention of diabetes complications as they contain less carbohydrate, high dietary
fiber, and high protein (Ley et al. 2014; Bigoniya et al. 2012). Various reports
suggest that saturated fatty acid intake is one possible factor for diabetes risk,
whereas edible oils rich in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids effectively reduce
the risk of diabetes (Sankar et al. 2006; Riserus et al. 2009; Patel et al. 2010; Violi
et al. 2015). Since sesame seed and sesame oil are a good source of mono- and
polyunsaturated fatty acids, it can aid in the prevention of diabetes.
The influence of sesame oil (commercial diet containing 2% oil supplemented
with 6% sesame oil) on blood glucose, lipid peroxidation, and status of antioxidants
in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats was assessed for 42 days. The
diabetic rats were observed to have elevated levels of blood glucose
(322.61 Æ 9.49 mg/dL), glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid hydroperoxides,
thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), vitamin E and decreased levels
of hemoglobin, vitamin C, and reduced glutathione (GSH). On the other hand,
sesame oil consumption led to a significant reduction in the blood glucose
(222.02 Æ 8.27 mg/dL), glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid hydroperoxides, and
TBARS and increased the hemoglobin, vitamin E, and GSH levels in the diabetic
rats fed with sesame oil (Ramesh et al. 2005). Numerous studies suggest that
sesamin, the major sesame lignan, is related to lipid metabolism through a series
of biochemical actions in both humans and animals (Hirose et al. 1991; Matsumura
et al. 1998; Chen et al. 2005). Mohammad Shahi et al. (2017) evaluated the effect of
sesamin supplementation on 48 type 2 diabetic patients and reported that after
8 weeks of supplementation, the fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, tumor
necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, waist and hip circumference, and body adipose
index levels reduced significantly ( p < 0.05), whereas adiponectin levels increased
when compared with the placebo. Thuy et al. (2017) investigated the effect of oral
administration of sesamin for 4 weeks (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) on cardiac
function of diabetic rats (diabetes induced by streptozotocin). The results revealed
marginal improvement in the blood glucose levels and body weight of the test group.
However, significant improvement in the heart rate and blood pressure was observed
12 Sesame (Sesamum indicum) Seed
315