54
L. Quadro and E. K. Spiegler
Sklan D, Ross AC (1987) Synthesis of retinol-binding protein and transthyretin in yolk sac and
fetus in the rat. J Nutr 117:436–442
Sklan D, Shalit I, Lasebnik N, Spirer Z, Weisman Y (1985) Retinol transport proteins and
concentrations in human amniotic fluid, placenta, and fetal and maternal sera. Br J Nutr
54:577–583
Sommer A, Vyas KS (2012) A global clinical view on vitamin A and carotenoids. Am J Clin Nutr
96:1204S–1206S
Sommer C, Sletner L, Morkrid K, Jenum AK, Birkeland KI (2015) Effects of early pregnancy BMI,
mid-gestational weight gain, glucose and lipid levels in pregnancy on offspring’s birth weight
and subcutaneous fat: a population-based cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 15:84
Spiegler E, Kim YK, Wassef L, Shete V, Quadro L (2012) Maternal-fetal transfer and metabolism
of vitamin A and its precursor beta-carotene in the developing tissues. Biochim Biophys Acta
2012(1821):88–98
Spiegler E, Kim YK, Hoyos B, Narayanasamy S, Jiang H, Savio N, Curley RW Jr, Harrison EH,
Hammerling U, Quadro L (2018) β-apo-10 -carotenoids support normal embryonic development
during vitamin A deficiency. Sci Rep 8(1):8834
Stevens GA, Bennett JE, Hennocq Q, Lu Y, De-Regil LM, Rogers L, Danaei G, Li G, White RA,
Flaxman SR, Oehrle SP, Finucane MM, Guerrero R, Bhutta ZA, Then-Paulino A, Fawzi W,
Black RE, Ezzati M (2015) Trends and mortality effects of vitamin A deficiency in children
in 138 low-income and middle-income countries between 1991 and 2013: a pooled analysis of
population-based surveys. Lancet Glob Health 3:e528–e536
Sun J, Narayanasamy S, Curley RW Jr, Harrison EH (2014) Beta-apo-13-carotenone regulates
retinoid X receptor transcriptional activity through tetramerization of the receptor. J Biol Chem
289:33118–33124
Sure B (1928) Dietary requirements for fertility and lactation: a dietary sterility associated with
vitamin A deficiency. J Agr Res 37:87–92
Takahashi YI, Smith JE, Goodman DS (1977) Vitamin A and retinol-binding protein metabolism
during fetal development in the rat. Am J Phys 233:E263–E272
Tanumihardjo SA, Mokhtar N, Haskell MJ, Brown KH (2016) Assessing the safety of vitamin
A delivered through large-scale intervention programs: workshop report on setting the research
agenda. Food Nutr Bull 37:S63–S74
Terra R, Wang X, Hu Y, Charpentier T, Lamarre A, Zhong M, Sun H, Mao J, Qi S, Luo H, Wu
J (2013) To investigate the necessity of STRA6 upregulation in T cells during T cell immune
responses. PLoS ONE 8:e82808
Thomas IW, Loosli JK, William JP (1947) Placental and mammary transfer of vitamin A in swine
and goats as affected by the prepartum diet. J Anim Sci 6:141–145
Thompson JN, Howell JM, Pitt GAJ (1964) Vitamin A and reproduction in rats. Proc R Soc London
B 1964(159):510–535
Torma H, Vahlquist A (1986) Uptake of vitamin A and retinol-binding protein by human placenta
in vitro. Placenta 7:295–305
Trasino SE, Tang XH, Jessurun J, Gudas LJ (2015) Obesity Leads to Tissue, but not Serum Vitamin
A Deficiency. Sci Rep. 5:15893
Tzimas G, Collins MD, Nau H (1995) Developmental stage-associated differences in the transplacental distribution of 13-cis- and all-trans-retinoic acid as well as their glucuronides in rats and
mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 133:91–101
Tzimas G, Collins MD, Burgin H, Hummler H, Nau H (1996) Embryotoxic doses of vitamin A to
rabbits result in low plasma but high embryonic concentrations of all-trans-retinoic acid: risk of
vitamin A exposure in humans. J Nutr 126:2159–2171
Ulven SM, Gundersen TE, Weedon MS, Landaas VO, Sakhi AK, Fromm SH, Geronimo BA,
Moskaug JO, Blomhoff R (2000) Identification of endogenous retinoids, enzymes, binding
prroteins and receptors during early postimplantation development in mouse: important role
of retinal dehydrogenase type 2 in synthesis of all-trans retinoic acid. Dev Biol 220:379–391
L. Quadro and E. K. Spiegler
Sklan D, Ross AC (1987) Synthesis of retinol-binding protein and transthyretin in yolk sac and
fetus in the rat. J Nutr 117:436–442
Sklan D, Shalit I, Lasebnik N, Spirer Z, Weisman Y (1985) Retinol transport proteins and
concentrations in human amniotic fluid, placenta, and fetal and maternal sera. Br J Nutr
54:577–583
Sommer A, Vyas KS (2012) A global clinical view on vitamin A and carotenoids. Am J Clin Nutr
96:1204S–1206S
Sommer C, Sletner L, Morkrid K, Jenum AK, Birkeland KI (2015) Effects of early pregnancy BMI,
mid-gestational weight gain, glucose and lipid levels in pregnancy on offspring’s birth weight
and subcutaneous fat: a population-based cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 15:84
Spiegler E, Kim YK, Wassef L, Shete V, Quadro L (2012) Maternal-fetal transfer and metabolism
of vitamin A and its precursor beta-carotene in the developing tissues. Biochim Biophys Acta
2012(1821):88–98
Spiegler E, Kim YK, Hoyos B, Narayanasamy S, Jiang H, Savio N, Curley RW Jr, Harrison EH,
Hammerling U, Quadro L (2018) β-apo-10 -carotenoids support normal embryonic development
during vitamin A deficiency. Sci Rep 8(1):8834
Stevens GA, Bennett JE, Hennocq Q, Lu Y, De-Regil LM, Rogers L, Danaei G, Li G, White RA,
Flaxman SR, Oehrle SP, Finucane MM, Guerrero R, Bhutta ZA, Then-Paulino A, Fawzi W,
Black RE, Ezzati M (2015) Trends and mortality effects of vitamin A deficiency in children
in 138 low-income and middle-income countries between 1991 and 2013: a pooled analysis of
population-based surveys. Lancet Glob Health 3:e528–e536
Sun J, Narayanasamy S, Curley RW Jr, Harrison EH (2014) Beta-apo-13-carotenone regulates
retinoid X receptor transcriptional activity through tetramerization of the receptor. J Biol Chem
289:33118–33124
Sure B (1928) Dietary requirements for fertility and lactation: a dietary sterility associated with
vitamin A deficiency. J Agr Res 37:87–92
Takahashi YI, Smith JE, Goodman DS (1977) Vitamin A and retinol-binding protein metabolism
during fetal development in the rat. Am J Phys 233:E263–E272
Tanumihardjo SA, Mokhtar N, Haskell MJ, Brown KH (2016) Assessing the safety of vitamin
A delivered through large-scale intervention programs: workshop report on setting the research
agenda. Food Nutr Bull 37:S63–S74
Terra R, Wang X, Hu Y, Charpentier T, Lamarre A, Zhong M, Sun H, Mao J, Qi S, Luo H, Wu
J (2013) To investigate the necessity of STRA6 upregulation in T cells during T cell immune
responses. PLoS ONE 8:e82808
Thomas IW, Loosli JK, William JP (1947) Placental and mammary transfer of vitamin A in swine
and goats as affected by the prepartum diet. J Anim Sci 6:141–145
Thompson JN, Howell JM, Pitt GAJ (1964) Vitamin A and reproduction in rats. Proc R Soc London
B 1964(159):510–535
Torma H, Vahlquist A (1986) Uptake of vitamin A and retinol-binding protein by human placenta
in vitro. Placenta 7:295–305
Trasino SE, Tang XH, Jessurun J, Gudas LJ (2015) Obesity Leads to Tissue, but not Serum Vitamin
A Deficiency. Sci Rep. 5:15893
Tzimas G, Collins MD, Nau H (1995) Developmental stage-associated differences in the transplacental distribution of 13-cis- and all-trans-retinoic acid as well as their glucuronides in rats and
mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 133:91–101
Tzimas G, Collins MD, Burgin H, Hummler H, Nau H (1996) Embryotoxic doses of vitamin A to
rabbits result in low plasma but high embryonic concentrations of all-trans-retinoic acid: risk of
vitamin A exposure in humans. J Nutr 126:2159–2171
Ulven SM, Gundersen TE, Weedon MS, Landaas VO, Sakhi AK, Fromm SH, Geronimo BA,
Moskaug JO, Blomhoff R (2000) Identification of endogenous retinoids, enzymes, binding
prroteins and receptors during early postimplantation development in mouse: important role
of retinal dehydrogenase type 2 in synthesis of all-trans retinoic acid. Dev Biol 220:379–391