272 N. H. NGUYEN ET AL.
Challenges and Barriers
Institutional Barriers. Several bodies are involved in the implementation of policy. Among the main players (MOIT-Electricity and Renewable
Energy Authority, MARD, MONRE, EVN, PPC, various financial institutions and private developers), the level of capacity to implement policy
varies significantly. MOIT-Electricity and Renewable Energy Authority is
responsible for the sectors of power, new and renewable energy. It is
responsible for drafting laws and resolutions on electricity and renewable energy, developing strategy, planning, including investment plans
for electricity and renewable energy, developing mechanisms and policies to encourage electrification and renewable energy; preparing national
technical standards on electricity and renewable energy, etc.
MARD mainly serves as an agency overseeing feedstock for biomass
and biofuels. MARD’s current performance indicates that they are capable
and experienced as seen through the success of the biogas program, and
even in the role of donor, through the constant presence of technical
assistance from SNV, which has been a key point. However, the development of policies promoting sustainable feedstock for biomass will require
more efforts and capacities from this institution.
MONRE is the agency in charge of planning, monitoring, evaluating,
and reporting on environment and climate change policies. The institutional arrangement of this environment climate change body has been
well established and considerably supported by donors in recent years.
MONRE has set up separate bodies, specifically the General Directorate
of Environment, and the National Committee for Responding to Climate
Change, which demonstrates strong institutional commitment and credible performance. However, waste to energy promotion policies that are
under the jurisdiction of MONRE have realized insufficient success, with
only limited and inconsistent supporting policies developed.
EVN has been involved in selected renewable energy development
projects (e.g., the Phu Lac Wind Project) as shareholder. EVN seems
to have capacity to develop renewable energy projects, especially gridconnected power generation. However, renewable energy development
does not seem to be a priority for EVN, especially off-grid renewable
energy projects and power purchase from renewable power projects. PPCs
have more authority in local energy planning, implementing, and monitoring. Nevertheless, close coordination and consultation with MOIT
needs to be sustained to ensure their proper performance in the renewable
Challenges and Barriers
Institutional Barriers. Several bodies are involved in the implementation of policy. Among the main players (MOIT-Electricity and Renewable
Energy Authority, MARD, MONRE, EVN, PPC, various financial institutions and private developers), the level of capacity to implement policy
varies significantly. MOIT-Electricity and Renewable Energy Authority is
responsible for the sectors of power, new and renewable energy. It is
responsible for drafting laws and resolutions on electricity and renewable energy, developing strategy, planning, including investment plans
for electricity and renewable energy, developing mechanisms and policies to encourage electrification and renewable energy; preparing national
technical standards on electricity and renewable energy, etc.
MARD mainly serves as an agency overseeing feedstock for biomass
and biofuels. MARD’s current performance indicates that they are capable
and experienced as seen through the success of the biogas program, and
even in the role of donor, through the constant presence of technical
assistance from SNV, which has been a key point. However, the development of policies promoting sustainable feedstock for biomass will require
more efforts and capacities from this institution.
MONRE is the agency in charge of planning, monitoring, evaluating,
and reporting on environment and climate change policies. The institutional arrangement of this environment climate change body has been
well established and considerably supported by donors in recent years.
MONRE has set up separate bodies, specifically the General Directorate
of Environment, and the National Committee for Responding to Climate
Change, which demonstrates strong institutional commitment and credible performance. However, waste to energy promotion policies that are
under the jurisdiction of MONRE have realized insufficient success, with
only limited and inconsistent supporting policies developed.
EVN has been involved in selected renewable energy development
projects (e.g., the Phu Lac Wind Project) as shareholder. EVN seems
to have capacity to develop renewable energy projects, especially gridconnected power generation. However, renewable energy development
does not seem to be a priority for EVN, especially off-grid renewable
energy projects and power purchase from renewable power projects. PPCs
have more authority in local energy planning, implementing, and monitoring. Nevertheless, close coordination and consultation with MOIT
needs to be sustained to ensure their proper performance in the renewable