10 SOLAR PV IN SINGAPORE IN THE ABSENCE OF SUBSIDIES
243
3. From 2014 to 2016, Singapore’s Grid Emission Factor has ranged between
0.4224 and 0.4277 kg CO 2 per kWh.
4. PV system generating 1 MW of AC power at the output of the inverters.
5. Regulation is a frequency balancing service that is used to correct the generation—demand imbalances within a 30-minute trading period caused by
load variability and load forecasting error.
References
Andrews-Speed, Phillip. 2016. Connecting ASEAN Through the Power Grid:
Next Steps. ESI Policy Brief—11. Available at: http://esi.nus.edu.sg/
docs/default-source/doc/esi-policy-brief-11—connecting-asean-through-thepower-grid-next-steps.pdf. Accessed 15 June 2018.
Energy Market Authority. 2014. Enhancements to the Regulatory Framework
for Intermittent Generation Sources in the National Electricity Market of
Singapore—Final Determination Paper. Available at: https://www.ema.
gov.sg/cmsmedia/Renewable_Energy/Overview/53b268a6d3498Final_
Determination_Intermittent_Generation_Sources_-_1_July_2014_Final_.pdf.
Accessed 15 June 2018.
Energy Market Authority. 2015. Enhancements to the Regulatory Framework
for Intermittent Generation Sources in the National Electricity Market of
Singapore—Clarification Paper. Available at: https://www.ema.gov.sg/cms
media/Consultations/Electricity/Clarification%20Paper%20on%20Enhancm
ents%20to%20the%20Regulatory%20Framework%20for%20IGS%202402015.
pdf. Accessed 15 June 2018.
Energy Market Authority. 2016. Singapore Energy Statistics 2015. Available
at: https://www.ema.gov.sg/cmsmedia/Publications_and_Statistics/Publicati
ons/SES2015_Finalwebsite_2mb.pdf. Accessed 15 June 2018.
Energy Market Authority. 2017a. Singapore Energy Market Outlook 2017.
Available at: https://www.ema.gov.sg/cmsmedia/Singapore%20Electricity%
20Market%20Outlook%20%23final%20v2.pdf. Accessed 15 June 2018.
Energy Market Authority. 2017b. Enhancement to the Central Intermediary
Scheme for Embedded Generation. Available at: https://www.ema.gov.sg/
cmsmedia/Enhanced%20Central%20Intermediary%20Scheme%20-%20Final%
20Determination.pdf. Accessed 15 June 2018.
Energy Market Authority. 2018a. 2017 Singapore Energy Statistics. Available
at: https://www.ema.gov.sg/cmsmedia/publications_and_statistics/publicati
ons/ses17/publicationsingapore_energy_statistics_2017.pdf. Accessed 1 Sept
2018.
Energy Market Authority. 2018b. Statistics—Fuel Mix for Electricity Generation.
Available at: https://www.ema.gov.sg/statistic.aspx?sta_sid=20140731MocH
HXHqVG5M. Accessed 1 Sept 2018.
243
3. From 2014 to 2016, Singapore’s Grid Emission Factor has ranged between
0.4224 and 0.4277 kg CO 2 per kWh.
4. PV system generating 1 MW of AC power at the output of the inverters.
5. Regulation is a frequency balancing service that is used to correct the generation—demand imbalances within a 30-minute trading period caused by
load variability and load forecasting error.
References
Andrews-Speed, Phillip. 2016. Connecting ASEAN Through the Power Grid:
Next Steps. ESI Policy Brief—11. Available at: http://esi.nus.edu.sg/
docs/default-source/doc/esi-policy-brief-11—connecting-asean-through-thepower-grid-next-steps.pdf. Accessed 15 June 2018.
Energy Market Authority. 2014. Enhancements to the Regulatory Framework
for Intermittent Generation Sources in the National Electricity Market of
Singapore—Final Determination Paper. Available at: https://www.ema.
gov.sg/cmsmedia/Renewable_Energy/Overview/53b268a6d3498Final_
Determination_Intermittent_Generation_Sources_-_1_July_2014_Final_.pdf.
Accessed 15 June 2018.
Energy Market Authority. 2015. Enhancements to the Regulatory Framework
for Intermittent Generation Sources in the National Electricity Market of
Singapore—Clarification Paper. Available at: https://www.ema.gov.sg/cms
media/Consultations/Electricity/Clarification%20Paper%20on%20Enhancm
ents%20to%20the%20Regulatory%20Framework%20for%20IGS%202402015.
pdf. Accessed 15 June 2018.
Energy Market Authority. 2016. Singapore Energy Statistics 2015. Available
at: https://www.ema.gov.sg/cmsmedia/Publications_and_Statistics/Publicati
ons/SES2015_Finalwebsite_2mb.pdf. Accessed 15 June 2018.
Energy Market Authority. 2017a. Singapore Energy Market Outlook 2017.
Available at: https://www.ema.gov.sg/cmsmedia/Singapore%20Electricity%
20Market%20Outlook%20%23final%20v2.pdf. Accessed 15 June 2018.
Energy Market Authority. 2017b. Enhancement to the Central Intermediary
Scheme for Embedded Generation. Available at: https://www.ema.gov.sg/
cmsmedia/Enhanced%20Central%20Intermediary%20Scheme%20-%20Final%
20Determination.pdf. Accessed 15 June 2018.
Energy Market Authority. 2018a. 2017 Singapore Energy Statistics. Available
at: https://www.ema.gov.sg/cmsmedia/publications_and_statistics/publicati
ons/ses17/publicationsingapore_energy_statistics_2017.pdf. Accessed 1 Sept
2018.
Energy Market Authority. 2018b. Statistics—Fuel Mix for Electricity Generation.
Available at: https://www.ema.gov.sg/statistic.aspx?sta_sid=20140731MocH
HXHqVG5M. Accessed 1 Sept 2018.