176 R. M. URIU
17. As of December 2019, California had 44 stations in operation, with 20
more pending. The German effort, H2 Mobility, now has put 78 hours
into operation. Norway plans 200 hours to fuel 50,000 FCEVs, with
20 scheduled for completion by 2020. Korea eventually plans to have
200 hours nationwide, and China is building 100 hours by 2020.
18. It is important to note that the TCO for small FCEVs will be lower than
BEVs by 2040. One sector to watch is the SUV and pickup market, as
these are two very popular vehicles where fuel cells may prove very useful.
Major auto firms have been hinting that products in this segment are on
their way.
19. A significant customer is Anheuser-Busch, which ordered 800 of the semis.
20. FCEV forklifts have also been in operation in France, Japan, Norway, and
elsewhere, but the largest demand is in the US (IEA Hydrogen 2017).
21. Nikola aims to build this network by 2028.
22. For the moment, the DoD is not looking to use fuel cells in combat
vehicles, but some have argued that their quiet operation and power may
be seen as possible advantages.
23. Analysts have mentioned other uses for fuel cells, including in self-driving
or even flying cars, but also in sectors of the aviation industry, but these
are not yet close to marketability (Ferris 2017; Klippenstein 2017).
24. In pumped hydro “energy is stored as gravitational potential energy.”
Operators can pump the water back to the elevated position when
electricity is abundant, then generate electricity when needed.
25. Williams (2017), provides a useful synopsis.
26. The problem is that Tesla’s battery unit is gigantic, costly, and cannot
hold its charge over long period. New types of batteries, including flow
batteries, may be able to hold energy longer, but not for the long periods
needed Mammoser (2018).
27. In addition, another 200 TWh could be generated in large power plants
using hydrogen.
28. Although this process is not completely clean, when used with a FCEV,
the total greenhouse gases emitted is less than a natural gas vehicle.
Furthermore, it should be noted that a great deal of electricity used to
charge BEVs also relies on less than green resources.
29. The drawbacks of liquid hydrogen are that the process, which requires
very low temperatures and very high pressures, is costly and also energy
intensive.
30. Some possibilities that are prominently mentioned are ammonium,
methanol, and other liquid organic hydrogen carriers.
31. If successful, hydrogen could open some areas that are currently not even
being considered. An example would be a deep-sea facility or ship that
converts wind or tidal movements into electricity, and then into hydrogen.
32. The speaker is Muraki Shigeru of Tokyo Gas.
17. As of December 2019, California had 44 stations in operation, with 20
more pending. The German effort, H2 Mobility, now has put 78 hours
into operation. Norway plans 200 hours to fuel 50,000 FCEVs, with
20 scheduled for completion by 2020. Korea eventually plans to have
200 hours nationwide, and China is building 100 hours by 2020.
18. It is important to note that the TCO for small FCEVs will be lower than
BEVs by 2040. One sector to watch is the SUV and pickup market, as
these are two very popular vehicles where fuel cells may prove very useful.
Major auto firms have been hinting that products in this segment are on
their way.
19. A significant customer is Anheuser-Busch, which ordered 800 of the semis.
20. FCEV forklifts have also been in operation in France, Japan, Norway, and
elsewhere, but the largest demand is in the US (IEA Hydrogen 2017).
21. Nikola aims to build this network by 2028.
22. For the moment, the DoD is not looking to use fuel cells in combat
vehicles, but some have argued that their quiet operation and power may
be seen as possible advantages.
23. Analysts have mentioned other uses for fuel cells, including in self-driving
or even flying cars, but also in sectors of the aviation industry, but these
are not yet close to marketability (Ferris 2017; Klippenstein 2017).
24. In pumped hydro “energy is stored as gravitational potential energy.”
Operators can pump the water back to the elevated position when
electricity is abundant, then generate electricity when needed.
25. Williams (2017), provides a useful synopsis.
26. The problem is that Tesla’s battery unit is gigantic, costly, and cannot
hold its charge over long period. New types of batteries, including flow
batteries, may be able to hold energy longer, but not for the long periods
needed Mammoser (2018).
27. In addition, another 200 TWh could be generated in large power plants
using hydrogen.
28. Although this process is not completely clean, when used with a FCEV,
the total greenhouse gases emitted is less than a natural gas vehicle.
Furthermore, it should be noted that a great deal of electricity used to
charge BEVs also relies on less than green resources.
29. The drawbacks of liquid hydrogen are that the process, which requires
very low temperatures and very high pressures, is costly and also energy
intensive.
30. Some possibilities that are prominently mentioned are ammonium,
methanol, and other liquid organic hydrogen carriers.
31. If successful, hydrogen could open some areas that are currently not even
being considered. An example would be a deep-sea facility or ship that
converts wind or tidal movements into electricity, and then into hydrogen.
32. The speaker is Muraki Shigeru of Tokyo Gas.