171
Table 8.1 Structure of the flammability retardant (FR) used, phosphorus percentage in polymer
and flammability results
Type of epoxy resin
Structure of FR
Phosphorus
wt. (%)
LOI UL94 References
4,4′-diaminodiphenyl
sulfone-cured DGEBA
(DDS-DGEBA)
2.49
30 V-0
Wang and
Lin (1999,
2001)
DDS-DGEBA
2.4
32 V-0
Wang and
Lee (2000)
DDS-cured 2,7-diglycidyloxynaphthalene (DDS-N2)
2.6
33 V-0
Wang and
Lee (2000)
DDS-cured 1,1′-bis
(2,7-diglycidyloxy-1-naphthyl)
methane (DDS-N4)
1.4
35 V-0
Wang and
Lee (2000)
DDS-DGEBA
1.7
–
V-0
Lin et al.
(2000)
DDS/9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide
+ itaconic acid-cured DGEBA
(DGEBA-DDS/DOPOITA)
1.73
–
V-0
Lin et al.
(2000)
o-cresol formaldehyde novolac
epoxy resin (CNE) cured with
DDS (CNE-DDS)
3.63
33 V-0
Wang and
Lin (2001)
Dicyandiamide-cured CNE
(CNE-DICY)
1.86
34 V-0
Wang and
Lin (2001)
3.83
38 V-0
Diglycidylether bisphenol-A
10-phosphaphenanthrene-10oxide +4-hydroxyl
benzoaldehyde
(BE188-DOPO-PN)
5.20
34 V-0
Liu (2001)
(continued)
8 Flame Retardancy of Reactive and Functional Polymers