205
called adherence to the text of the UNHCR and not the spirit of the document. In
September of the same year, Trump again called the nuclear deal the worst possible
deal and announced that he had made his decision (www.nbcnews.com 2020a, b). On
October 21 of the same year, Trump announced that JCPOA had not been approved,
and the US Treasury Department boycotted the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
thus speeding up the process of leaving JCPOA. In January 2018, under the pretext
of Iran’s missile program, the United States called for the reform of the UN Security
Council and the acceptance of 12 conditions offered to Iran and threatened not to
extend the suspension of sanctions on Iran. In March 2018, the International Atomic
Energy Agency reaffirmed Iran’s commitment to its obligations under the IAEA
Board for the 11th time. In April of the same year, the presence of Mike Pompeo in
the State Department, replacing Rex Tillerson, was both a sign of coordination for
the Trump team and a sign of Trump’s determination to leave JCPOA, which he
finally implemented in May 2018. A review of the events following the US withdrawal from the UN Security Council reveals a wide range of restrictions imposed on
Iran with the aim of crippling the economy (https://www.businessinsider.com/trumpiran-deal-boeing-airbus-contracts-sanctions-2018-5 2018).
In the evening of the same day of leaving JCPOA, the licenses of Boeing and
Airbus to sell passenger planes to Iran were revoked. With the beginning of the first
round of sanctions in August 1997, exchanges in dollars, rials, buying and selling
and exporting and insurance of gold and precious metals and industrial shipments,
buying and selling documents and securities, and sanctions on the automotive
industry of Iranian goods were banned. The second round of sanctions began on the
morning of November 5, 2016, and thus shipping and oil tankers, aviation industries, banks and financial institutions, textiles and mineral products, petrochemical
products, iron and steel, and cement industries, Central Bank, Swift Banking
Network, Commercial and industrial institutions, the National Development Fund
of Iran, construction companies, space agencies, and finally oil and gas inspections
were included in the sanctions list (https://www.businessinsider.com 2020)/ 2020).
In April 2019, the United States lists the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps as
a terrorist organization and does not extend the oil exemptions of Iran’s few oil
customers with the aim of reducing Iran’s oil exports to zero. During US sanctions,
the International Energy Organization declared Iran’s oil exports to be the lowest in
the last 40 years, and companies, individuals, organizations, and officials were gradually placed on the long list of US sanctions. The Supreme Leader of the Revolution,
the cabinet ministers of the 12th government, former parliament speakers, current
and former commanders of the Revolutionary Guards, judges, and nuclear scientists
were no exception to this rule (www.rand.org 2020).
US Maximum Pressure Campaign
US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo outlined a new US strategy against Iran,
announcing increased pressure on the Islamic Republic and saying Washington was
ready to negotiate with Tehran if the Iranian religious regime changed its behavior.
US Maximum Pressure Campaign
called adherence to the text of the UNHCR and not the spirit of the document. In
September of the same year, Trump again called the nuclear deal the worst possible
deal and announced that he had made his decision (www.nbcnews.com 2020a, b). On
October 21 of the same year, Trump announced that JCPOA had not been approved,
and the US Treasury Department boycotted the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
thus speeding up the process of leaving JCPOA. In January 2018, under the pretext
of Iran’s missile program, the United States called for the reform of the UN Security
Council and the acceptance of 12 conditions offered to Iran and threatened not to
extend the suspension of sanctions on Iran. In March 2018, the International Atomic
Energy Agency reaffirmed Iran’s commitment to its obligations under the IAEA
Board for the 11th time. In April of the same year, the presence of Mike Pompeo in
the State Department, replacing Rex Tillerson, was both a sign of coordination for
the Trump team and a sign of Trump’s determination to leave JCPOA, which he
finally implemented in May 2018. A review of the events following the US withdrawal from the UN Security Council reveals a wide range of restrictions imposed on
Iran with the aim of crippling the economy (https://www.businessinsider.com/trumpiran-deal-boeing-airbus-contracts-sanctions-2018-5 2018).
In the evening of the same day of leaving JCPOA, the licenses of Boeing and
Airbus to sell passenger planes to Iran were revoked. With the beginning of the first
round of sanctions in August 1997, exchanges in dollars, rials, buying and selling
and exporting and insurance of gold and precious metals and industrial shipments,
buying and selling documents and securities, and sanctions on the automotive
industry of Iranian goods were banned. The second round of sanctions began on the
morning of November 5, 2016, and thus shipping and oil tankers, aviation industries, banks and financial institutions, textiles and mineral products, petrochemical
products, iron and steel, and cement industries, Central Bank, Swift Banking
Network, Commercial and industrial institutions, the National Development Fund
of Iran, construction companies, space agencies, and finally oil and gas inspections
were included in the sanctions list (https://www.businessinsider.com 2020)/ 2020).
In April 2019, the United States lists the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps as
a terrorist organization and does not extend the oil exemptions of Iran’s few oil
customers with the aim of reducing Iran’s oil exports to zero. During US sanctions,
the International Energy Organization declared Iran’s oil exports to be the lowest in
the last 40 years, and companies, individuals, organizations, and officials were gradually placed on the long list of US sanctions. The Supreme Leader of the Revolution,
the cabinet ministers of the 12th government, former parliament speakers, current
and former commanders of the Revolutionary Guards, judges, and nuclear scientists
were no exception to this rule (www.rand.org 2020).
US Maximum Pressure Campaign
US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo outlined a new US strategy against Iran,
announcing increased pressure on the Islamic Republic and saying Washington was
ready to negotiate with Tehran if the Iranian religious regime changed its behavior.
US Maximum Pressure Campaign