22. WMO (2019) United in science high-level synthesis report of latest climate science
information convened by the science advisory group of the UN climate action summit 2019.
United Nations, New York
23. UNEP (2019) Emissions gap report 2019. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi
24. EC (2019) Communication from the commission to the European Parliament, the European
council, the council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of the
regions. In: The European green deal. European Commission, Brussels, 11.12.2019 COM
(2019) 640 final
25. Tørstad VH (2020) Participation, ambition and compliance: can the Paris Agreement solve the
effectiveness trilemma?—Environ politics (https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2019.1710322)
26. World Bank (2019). State and Trends of Carbon Pricing (2019) State and trends of carbon
pricing (June). World Bank, Washington, DC
27. Bush MJ (2020) Pricing down carbon. Climate change and renewable energy. Palgrave
Macmillan, Cham, pp 333–372
28. Wackernagel M (1994). Ecological footprint and appropriated carrying capacity: a tool for
planning toward sustainability. Ph.D. Thesis, The University of British Columbia
29. Wackernagel M, Rees WE (1996) Our ecological footprint: reducing human impact on the
earth. New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island
30. GFP (2020) Global Footprint Network https://www.footprintnetwork.org/. Accessed 18 Mar
2020
31. Galli A, Iha K, Pires SM et al (2020) Assessing the Ecological Footprint and biocapacity of
Portuguese cities: critical results for environmental awareness and local management. Cities
96:102442
32. Wiedmann T, Minx J (2007) A definition of carbon footprint. ISAUK Research Report 07–01,
Durham, ISAUK Research and Consulting. UK
33. Pandey D, Agrawal M, Pandey J (2011) Carbon footprint: current methods of estimation.
Environ Monit Assess 178:135–160
34. Lombardi M, Laiola E, Tricase C, Rana R (2017) Assessing the urban carbon footprint: an
overview. Environ Impact Assess Rev 66:43–52
35. Yang Y, Meng G (2020) The evolution and research framework of carbon footprint: based on
the perspective of knowledge mapping. Ecol Indic 112:106125
36. Vitaa G, Ivanovaa A, Dumitrue R et al (2020) Happier with less? members of European
environmental grassroots initiatives reconcile lower carbon footprints with higher life
satisfaction and income increases. Energy Res Social Sci 60
37. Fitzpatrick JJ, McCarthy S, Byrne EP (2015) Sustainability insights and reflections from a
personal carbon footprint study: the need for quantitative and qualitative change. Sustain Prod
Consumption I:34–46
38. Harris S, Weinzettel J, Bigano A et al (2020) Low carbon cities in 2050? GHG emissions of
European cities using production-based and consumption-based emission accounting
methods. J Cleaner Prod 248:119206
39. Long Y, Yoshida Y, Liu Q, Zhang H, Wang S, Fang K (2020) Comparison of city-level
carbon footprint evaluation by applying single and multi-regional input-output tables.
J Environ Manage 260:110108
40. Fry J, Manfred Lenzen M, Jin Y et al (2018) Assessing carbon footprints of cities under
limited information. J Cleaner Prod 176:1254–1270
41. Carbon Trust (2020) Carbon Trust https://www.carbontrust.com/. Accessed 5 Mar 2020
42. GGP (2020) Greenhouse Gas Protocol https://ghgprotocol.org/. Accessed 18 Mar 2020
43. CDP (2020) Carbon Disclosure Project https://www.cdp.net/en. Accessed 18 Mar 2020
44. Penz E, Polsa P (2018) How do companies reduce their carbon footprint and how do they
communicate these measures to stakeholders? J Cleaner Prod 195:1125–1138
45. Groening C, Inman JJ, Ross WT Jr (2015) The role of carbon emissions in consumer purchase
decisions. Int J Environ Policy Decis Making 1:261–296
Carbon Economy and Carbon Footprint
27
information convened by the science advisory group of the UN climate action summit 2019.
United Nations, New York
23. UNEP (2019) Emissions gap report 2019. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi
24. EC (2019) Communication from the commission to the European Parliament, the European
council, the council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of the
regions. In: The European green deal. European Commission, Brussels, 11.12.2019 COM
(2019) 640 final
25. Tørstad VH (2020) Participation, ambition and compliance: can the Paris Agreement solve the
effectiveness trilemma?—Environ politics (https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2019.1710322)
26. World Bank (2019). State and Trends of Carbon Pricing (2019) State and trends of carbon
pricing (June). World Bank, Washington, DC
27. Bush MJ (2020) Pricing down carbon. Climate change and renewable energy. Palgrave
Macmillan, Cham, pp 333–372
28. Wackernagel M (1994). Ecological footprint and appropriated carrying capacity: a tool for
planning toward sustainability. Ph.D. Thesis, The University of British Columbia
29. Wackernagel M, Rees WE (1996) Our ecological footprint: reducing human impact on the
earth. New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island
30. GFP (2020) Global Footprint Network https://www.footprintnetwork.org/. Accessed 18 Mar
2020
31. Galli A, Iha K, Pires SM et al (2020) Assessing the Ecological Footprint and biocapacity of
Portuguese cities: critical results for environmental awareness and local management. Cities
96:102442
32. Wiedmann T, Minx J (2007) A definition of carbon footprint. ISAUK Research Report 07–01,
Durham, ISAUK Research and Consulting. UK
33. Pandey D, Agrawal M, Pandey J (2011) Carbon footprint: current methods of estimation.
Environ Monit Assess 178:135–160
34. Lombardi M, Laiola E, Tricase C, Rana R (2017) Assessing the urban carbon footprint: an
overview. Environ Impact Assess Rev 66:43–52
35. Yang Y, Meng G (2020) The evolution and research framework of carbon footprint: based on
the perspective of knowledge mapping. Ecol Indic 112:106125
36. Vitaa G, Ivanovaa A, Dumitrue R et al (2020) Happier with less? members of European
environmental grassroots initiatives reconcile lower carbon footprints with higher life
satisfaction and income increases. Energy Res Social Sci 60
37. Fitzpatrick JJ, McCarthy S, Byrne EP (2015) Sustainability insights and reflections from a
personal carbon footprint study: the need for quantitative and qualitative change. Sustain Prod
Consumption I:34–46
38. Harris S, Weinzettel J, Bigano A et al (2020) Low carbon cities in 2050? GHG emissions of
European cities using production-based and consumption-based emission accounting
methods. J Cleaner Prod 248:119206
39. Long Y, Yoshida Y, Liu Q, Zhang H, Wang S, Fang K (2020) Comparison of city-level
carbon footprint evaluation by applying single and multi-regional input-output tables.
J Environ Manage 260:110108
40. Fry J, Manfred Lenzen M, Jin Y et al (2018) Assessing carbon footprints of cities under
limited information. J Cleaner Prod 176:1254–1270
41. Carbon Trust (2020) Carbon Trust https://www.carbontrust.com/. Accessed 5 Mar 2020
42. GGP (2020) Greenhouse Gas Protocol https://ghgprotocol.org/. Accessed 18 Mar 2020
43. CDP (2020) Carbon Disclosure Project https://www.cdp.net/en. Accessed 18 Mar 2020
44. Penz E, Polsa P (2018) How do companies reduce their carbon footprint and how do they
communicate these measures to stakeholders? J Cleaner Prod 195:1125–1138
45. Groening C, Inman JJ, Ross WT Jr (2015) The role of carbon emissions in consumer purchase
decisions. Int J Environ Policy Decis Making 1:261–296
Carbon Economy and Carbon Footprint
27