49. Liu X, Ye Y, Xiao K, Rensing C, Zhou S (2019) Molecular evidence for the adaptive
evolution of Geobacter sulfurreducens to perform dissimilatory iron reduction in natural
environments. Mol Microbiol 00:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/mmi.14443
50. Leang C, Qian X, Mester T, Lovley DR (2010) Alignment of the c-type cytochrome OmcS
along pili of Geobacter sulfurreducens. Appl Environ Microbiol 76:4080–4084. https://doi.
org/10.1128/AEM.00023-10
51. Ru X, Zhang P, Beratan DN (2019) Assessing possible mechanisms of micrometer-scale
electron transfer in heme-free Geobacter sulfurreducens Pili. J Phys Chem B 123:5035–
5047. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b01086
52. Newman DK, Kolter R (2000) A role for excreted quinones in extracellular electron transfer.
405:13–16. https://doi.org/10.1038/35011098
53. Lies DP, Hernandez ME, Kappler A, Mielke RE, Gralnick JA, Newman DK (2005)
Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 uses overlapping pathways for iron reduction at a distance and
by direct contact under conditions relevant for biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:4414–
4426. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.8.4414-4426.2005
54. Myers CR, Myers JM (1993a) Ferric reductase is associated with the membranes of
anaerobically grown Shewanella putrefaciens MR-1. FEMS Microbiol Lett 108:15–22.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06066.x
55. Marsili E, Baron DB, Shikhare ID, Coursolle D, Gralnick JA, Bond DR (2008) Shewanella
secretes flavins that mediate extracellular electron transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci 105:3968–
3973. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710525105
56. Von Canstein H, Ogawa J, Shimizu S, Lloyd JR (2008) Secretion of flavins by Shewanella
species and their role in extracellular electron transfer. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:615–623.
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01387-07
57. Kotloski NJ, Gralnick JA (2013) Flavin electron shuttles dominate extracellular electron
transfer by Shewanella oneidensis. MBio 4:e00553-12. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.0055312
58. Coursolle D, Baron DB, Bond DR, Gralnick JA (2010) The Mtr respiratory pathway is
essential for reducing flavins and electrodes in Shewanella oneidensis. J Bacteriol 192:467–
474. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00925-09
59. Okamoto A, Kalathil S, Deng X, Hashimoto K, Nakamura R, Nealson KH (2014)
Cell-secreted flavins bound to membrane cytochromes dictate electron transfer reactions to
surfaces with diverse charge and pH. Sci Rep 4:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep05628
60. Ross DE, Brantley SL, Tien M (2009) Kinetic characterization of OmcA and MtrC, terminal
reductases involved in respiratory electron transfer for dissimilatory iron reduction in
Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:5218–5226. https://doi.org/10.
1128/AEM.00544-09
61. Baron D, LaBelle E, Coursolle D, Gralnick JA, Bond DR (2009) Electrochemical
measurement of electron transfer kinetics by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. J Biol Chem
284:28865–28873. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.043455
62. Straub KL, Benz M, Schink B (2001) Iron metabolism in anoxic environments at near
neutral pH. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 34:181–186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.
tb00768.x
63. Kim HJ, Park HS, Hyun MS, Chang IS, Kim M, Kim BH (2002) A mediator-less microbial
fuel cell using a metal reducing bacterium, Shewanella putrefaciens. Enzyme Microb
Technol 30:145–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(01)00478-1
64. Koch C, Harnisch F (2016) Is there a specific ecological Niche for electroactive
microorganisms? Chem Electro Chem 3:1282–1295. https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.
201600079
65. Dopson M, Ni G, Sleutels THJA (2016) Possibilities for extremophilic microorganisms in
microbial electrochemical systems. FEMS Microbiol Rev 40:164–181. https://doi.org/10.
1093/femsre/fuv044
Bacterial Power: An Alternative Energy Source
237
evolution of Geobacter sulfurreducens to perform dissimilatory iron reduction in natural
environments. Mol Microbiol 00:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/mmi.14443
50. Leang C, Qian X, Mester T, Lovley DR (2010) Alignment of the c-type cytochrome OmcS
along pili of Geobacter sulfurreducens. Appl Environ Microbiol 76:4080–4084. https://doi.
org/10.1128/AEM.00023-10
51. Ru X, Zhang P, Beratan DN (2019) Assessing possible mechanisms of micrometer-scale
electron transfer in heme-free Geobacter sulfurreducens Pili. J Phys Chem B 123:5035–
5047. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b01086
52. Newman DK, Kolter R (2000) A role for excreted quinones in extracellular electron transfer.
405:13–16. https://doi.org/10.1038/35011098
53. Lies DP, Hernandez ME, Kappler A, Mielke RE, Gralnick JA, Newman DK (2005)
Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 uses overlapping pathways for iron reduction at a distance and
by direct contact under conditions relevant for biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:4414–
4426. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.8.4414-4426.2005
54. Myers CR, Myers JM (1993a) Ferric reductase is associated with the membranes of
anaerobically grown Shewanella putrefaciens MR-1. FEMS Microbiol Lett 108:15–22.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06066.x
55. Marsili E, Baron DB, Shikhare ID, Coursolle D, Gralnick JA, Bond DR (2008) Shewanella
secretes flavins that mediate extracellular electron transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci 105:3968–
3973. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710525105
56. Von Canstein H, Ogawa J, Shimizu S, Lloyd JR (2008) Secretion of flavins by Shewanella
species and their role in extracellular electron transfer. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:615–623.
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01387-07
57. Kotloski NJ, Gralnick JA (2013) Flavin electron shuttles dominate extracellular electron
transfer by Shewanella oneidensis. MBio 4:e00553-12. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.0055312
58. Coursolle D, Baron DB, Bond DR, Gralnick JA (2010) The Mtr respiratory pathway is
essential for reducing flavins and electrodes in Shewanella oneidensis. J Bacteriol 192:467–
474. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00925-09
59. Okamoto A, Kalathil S, Deng X, Hashimoto K, Nakamura R, Nealson KH (2014)
Cell-secreted flavins bound to membrane cytochromes dictate electron transfer reactions to
surfaces with diverse charge and pH. Sci Rep 4:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep05628
60. Ross DE, Brantley SL, Tien M (2009) Kinetic characterization of OmcA and MtrC, terminal
reductases involved in respiratory electron transfer for dissimilatory iron reduction in
Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:5218–5226. https://doi.org/10.
1128/AEM.00544-09
61. Baron D, LaBelle E, Coursolle D, Gralnick JA, Bond DR (2009) Electrochemical
measurement of electron transfer kinetics by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. J Biol Chem
284:28865–28873. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.043455
62. Straub KL, Benz M, Schink B (2001) Iron metabolism in anoxic environments at near
neutral pH. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 34:181–186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.
tb00768.x
63. Kim HJ, Park HS, Hyun MS, Chang IS, Kim M, Kim BH (2002) A mediator-less microbial
fuel cell using a metal reducing bacterium, Shewanella putrefaciens. Enzyme Microb
Technol 30:145–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(01)00478-1
64. Koch C, Harnisch F (2016) Is there a specific ecological Niche for electroactive
microorganisms? Chem Electro Chem 3:1282–1295. https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.
201600079
65. Dopson M, Ni G, Sleutels THJA (2016) Possibilities for extremophilic microorganisms in
microbial electrochemical systems. FEMS Microbiol Rev 40:164–181. https://doi.org/10.
1093/femsre/fuv044
Bacterial Power: An Alternative Energy Source
237