SERS may lead to detection techniques and assays with good sensitivity and selectivity. The area of electrocatalysis is continuously expanding. It has great potential
in the area of electrochemical energy systems, especially fuel cells and batteries.
The fundamental questions on nucleation, electrocrystallization, faceting, energy
dissipation in hot metals and redox potential of nanoparticles are some of the
issues that will remain the focus of immediate research.
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to acknowledge the immense help from Mr. Shaktivel in
the preparation of the manuscript.
References
1 M. Faraday, Philos. Trans. R. Soc.,
London, 1857, 147, 145.
2 G. Mie, Ann. Phys., 1908, 25, 377.
3 Handbook of Nanostructured Materials
and Nanotechnology, Vol. 1 Synthesis
and Processing, ed. H. S. Nalwa,
Academic Press, New York 2000.
4 Nanoparticles and Nanostructured
Films-Preparation, Characterisation
and Applications, ed. J. H. Fendler,
Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 1998.
5 C. R. Martin, D. T. Mitchell, Electroanalytical Chemistry Series, ed. A. J.
Bard, I. Rubinstein, Marcel Dekker,
NY. 1999. Vol. 21, p. 1.
6 (a) A. N. Shipway, E. Katz, I.
Willner, Chem. Phys. Chem., 2000, 1,
18; (b) A. N. Shipway, M. Lahav, I.
Willner, Adv. Mater., 2000, 12, 993;
(c) A. N. Shipway, I. Willner, Chem.
Commun., 2001, 2035.
7 D. Hernandez-Santos, M. B.
Gonzalez-Garcia, A. Costa-Garcia,
Electroanalysis, 2002, 14, 1224.
8 D. E. Cliffel, J. F. Hicks, A. C.
Templeton et al., in Metal Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterizations, and
Applications, eds. D. Feldheim,
C. Foss, Marcel Dekker, New York
2002, p. 297.
9 D. Gerion, W. J. Parak, S. C.
Williams et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2002, 124, 7070.
10 (a) A. P. Alivisatos, Sci. Am., 2001,
66, 285; (b) S. J. Park, T. A. Taton,
C. A. Mirkin, Science, 2002, 295,
1503.
11 P. Mulvaney, in Nanoscale Materials
in Chemistry, ed. K. Klabunde, WileyVCH, Weinheim 2001, p. 121.
12 O. A. Petrii, G. A. Tsirlina, Russ.
Chem. Rev., 2001, 70, 285.
13 D. J. Riley, Curr. Opin. Colloid Surf.
Sci., 2002, 7, 186.
14 C. N. R. Rao, A. K. Cheetham, J.
Mater. Chem., 2001, 11, 2887.
15 C. J. Loweth, W. B. Caldwell, X.
Peng et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
Engl., 1999, 38(12), 1808.
16 Electrochemistry of Nanomaterials, ed.
G. Hodes, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
2000.
17 N. Li, C. R. Martin, B. Scrosati, J.
Power Sources, 2001, 97–98, 240.
18 P. V. Kamat, K. Murakoshi, Y. Wada
et al., in Handbook of Nanostructured
Materials and Nanotechnology, Vol. 3
Electrical Properties, ed. H. S. Nalwa,
Academic Press, New York 2000, p.
292.
19 O. I. Micic, A. J. Nozik, in Handbook
of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology, Vol. 3 Electrical Properties,
ed. H. S. Nalwa, Academic Press, New
York 2000, p. 427.
20 M. Graetzel, in Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology,
Vol. 3 Electrical Properties, ed. H. S.
References 681
in the area of electrochemical energy systems, especially fuel cells and batteries.
The fundamental questions on nucleation, electrocrystallization, faceting, energy
dissipation in hot metals and redox potential of nanoparticles are some of the
issues that will remain the focus of immediate research.
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to acknowledge the immense help from Mr. Shaktivel in
the preparation of the manuscript.
References
1 M. Faraday, Philos. Trans. R. Soc.,
London, 1857, 147, 145.
2 G. Mie, Ann. Phys., 1908, 25, 377.
3 Handbook of Nanostructured Materials
and Nanotechnology, Vol. 1 Synthesis
and Processing, ed. H. S. Nalwa,
Academic Press, New York 2000.
4 Nanoparticles and Nanostructured
Films-Preparation, Characterisation
and Applications, ed. J. H. Fendler,
Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 1998.
5 C. R. Martin, D. T. Mitchell, Electroanalytical Chemistry Series, ed. A. J.
Bard, I. Rubinstein, Marcel Dekker,
NY. 1999. Vol. 21, p. 1.
6 (a) A. N. Shipway, E. Katz, I.
Willner, Chem. Phys. Chem., 2000, 1,
18; (b) A. N. Shipway, M. Lahav, I.
Willner, Adv. Mater., 2000, 12, 993;
(c) A. N. Shipway, I. Willner, Chem.
Commun., 2001, 2035.
7 D. Hernandez-Santos, M. B.
Gonzalez-Garcia, A. Costa-Garcia,
Electroanalysis, 2002, 14, 1224.
8 D. E. Cliffel, J. F. Hicks, A. C.
Templeton et al., in Metal Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterizations, and
Applications, eds. D. Feldheim,
C. Foss, Marcel Dekker, New York
2002, p. 297.
9 D. Gerion, W. J. Parak, S. C.
Williams et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2002, 124, 7070.
10 (a) A. P. Alivisatos, Sci. Am., 2001,
66, 285; (b) S. J. Park, T. A. Taton,
C. A. Mirkin, Science, 2002, 295,
1503.
11 P. Mulvaney, in Nanoscale Materials
in Chemistry, ed. K. Klabunde, WileyVCH, Weinheim 2001, p. 121.
12 O. A. Petrii, G. A. Tsirlina, Russ.
Chem. Rev., 2001, 70, 285.
13 D. J. Riley, Curr. Opin. Colloid Surf.
Sci., 2002, 7, 186.
14 C. N. R. Rao, A. K. Cheetham, J.
Mater. Chem., 2001, 11, 2887.
15 C. J. Loweth, W. B. Caldwell, X.
Peng et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
Engl., 1999, 38(12), 1808.
16 Electrochemistry of Nanomaterials, ed.
G. Hodes, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
2000.
17 N. Li, C. R. Martin, B. Scrosati, J.
Power Sources, 2001, 97–98, 240.
18 P. V. Kamat, K. Murakoshi, Y. Wada
et al., in Handbook of Nanostructured
Materials and Nanotechnology, Vol. 3
Electrical Properties, ed. H. S. Nalwa,
Academic Press, New York 2000, p.
292.
19 O. I. Micic, A. J. Nozik, in Handbook
of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology, Vol. 3 Electrical Properties,
ed. H. S. Nalwa, Academic Press, New
York 2000, p. 427.
20 M. Graetzel, in Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology,
Vol. 3 Electrical Properties, ed. H. S.
References 681