10.6.2 Reduction of Metals in Liquid Solutions 343
10.6.3 Chemical Sensing of SiNWs 345
10.6.4 Use of SiNWs as Templates for Nanomaterial Growth 346
10.7
Optical and Electrical Properties of SiNWs 347
10.7.1 Raman and PL of SiNWs 347
10.7.2 Field Emission from Different Si-Based Nanostructures 350
10.7.3 STM and STS Measurements of SiNWs and B-Doped SiNWs 351
10.7.4 Periodic Array of SiNW Heterojunctions 356
10.8
Modeling 359
10.8.1 High Reactivity of Silicon Suboxide Vapor 359
10.8.2 Thermal and Chemical Stabilities of Pure Silicon Nanostructured
Materials 360
10.8.2.1 Structural Transition in Silicon Nanostructures 360
10.8.2.2 Thinnest Stable Short Silicon Nanowires 361
10.8.2.3 Silicon Nanotubes 361
10.8.3 Thermal and Chemical Stabilities of Hydrogenated Silicon
Nanostructures 363
10.8.3.1 Structural Properties of Hydrogenated Silicon Nanocrystals and
Nanoclusters 363
10.8.3.2 Size-Dependent Oxidation of Hydrogenated Silicon Clusters 365
10.9
Summary 365
Acknowledgement 368
References 369
Volume 2
11
Electronic Structure and Spectroscopy of Semiconductor Nanocrystals 371
S. Sapra and D. D. Sarma
11.1
Introduction 371
11.2
Structural Transformations 372
11.3
Ultraviolet–Visible Absorption Spectroscopy 374
11.4
Fluorescence Spectroscopy 377
11.5
Electronic Structure Calculations 383
11.5.1 Effective Mass Approximation 384
11.5.2 Empirical Pseudopotential Method 385
11.5.3 Tight-Binding Method 387
11.6
Photoemission Studies 394
11.6.1 Core Level Photoemission 395
11.6.2 Valence Band Photoemission 399
11.7
Concluding Remarks 401
References 402
12
Core–Shell Semiconductor Nanocrystals for Biological Labeling 405
R. E. Bailey and S. Nie
12.1
Introduction 405
Contents
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