and Biophysics PAS for inspiring cooperation, endless supplies of
polyprenols, and critical reading of the manuscript. Preparation of
cationic derivatives of polyprenols used in a series of projects, which
contributed to this chapter, by Professor Marek Chmielewski and
Doctor Marek Masnyk of the Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS is
greatly appreciated. We also thank all the people from the Polish
Vaccine Consortium (PVC) involved in the development of vaccines against influenza virus. This work was, in part, financially
supported by the National Science Centre, Poland (2018/02/X/
NZ3/01566 to M.R. and 2018/31/B/NZ3/01750 to Z.M.).
References
1. Comberlato A, Paloja K, Bastings MMC
(2019) Nucleic acids presenting polymer nanomaterials as vaccine adjuvants. J Mater Chem B
7:6321.
https://doi.org/10.1039/
c9tb01222b
2. Myhr AI (2017) DNA vaccines: regulatory
considerations and safety aspects. Curr Issues
Mol Biol 22:79–88. https://doi.org/10.
21775/cimb.022.079
3. Hobernik D, Bros M (2018) DNA vaccines—
how far from clinical use? Int J Mol Sci 19.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113605
4. Un K, Kawakami S, Suzuki R et al (2010)
Development of an ultrasound-responsive and
mannose-modified gene carrier for DNA vaccine therapy. Biomaterials 31:7813–7826.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.
2010.06.058
5. Christensen D, Korsholm KS, Rosenkrands I
et al (2007) Cationic liposomes as vaccine adjuvants. Expert Rev Vaccines 6:785–796.
https://doi.org/10.1586/14760584.6.5.785
6. Firouzmand H, Badiee A, Khamesipour A et al
(2013) Induction of protection against leishmaniasis in susceptible BALB/c mice using
simple DOTAP cationic nanoliposomes containing soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA).
Acta Trop 128:528–535. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.actatropica.2013.07.021
7. Carroll TD, Matzinger SR, Barry PA et al
(2014) Efficacy of influenza vaccination of
elderly rhesus macaques is dramatically
improved by addition of a cationic lipid/DNA
adjuvant. J Infect Dis 209:24–33. https://doi.
org/10.1093/infdis/jit540
8. Korsholm KS, Andersen PL, Christensen D
(2012) Cationic liposomal vaccine adjuvants
in animal challenge models: overview and current clinical status. Expert Rev Vaccines
11:561–577. https://doi.org/10.1586/erv.
12.22
9. Stachyra A, Rak M, Redkiewicz P et al (2017)
Effective usage of cationic derivatives of polyprenols as carriers of DNA vaccines against
influenza virus. Virol J 14:168. https://doi.
org/10.1186/s12985-017-0838-x
10. Erasmus JH, Khandhar AP, Guderian J et al
(2018) A nanostructured lipid carrier for delivery of a replicating viral RNA provides single,
low-dose protection against Zika. Mol Ther
26:2507–2522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ymthe.2018.07.010
11. Wang W, Li W, Ma N, Steinhoff G (2013)
Non-viral gene delivery methods. Curr Pharm
Biotechnol 14:46–60
12. Pozzi D, Marchini C, Cardarelli F et al (2014)
Mechanistic evaluation of the transfection barriers involved in lipid-mediated gene delivery:
interplay between nanostructure and composition. Biochim Biophys Acta 1838:957–967.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.
11.014
13. Smisterova ´ J, Wagenaar A, Stuart MC et al
(2001) Molecular shape of the cationic lipid
controls the structure of cationic lipid/dioleylphosphatidylethanolamine-DNA
complexes
and the efficiency of gene delivery. J Biol
Chem 276:47615–47622. https://doi.org/
10.1074/jbc.M106199200
14. Zuhorn IS, Oberle V, Visser WH et al (2002)
Phase behavior of cationic amphiphiles and
their mixtures with helper lipid influences lipoplex shape, DNA translocation, and transfection efficiency. Biophys J 83:2096–2108.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(02)
73970-2
15. Madeja Z, Rak M, Wybieralska E et al (2007)
New cationic polyprenyl derivative proposed as
a lipofecting agent. Acta Biochim Pol
54:873–876
16. Rak M, Ochałek A, Bielecka E et al (2016)
Efficient and non-toxic gene delivery by
anionic lipoplexes based on polyprenyl
Lipofection-Based Delivery of DNA Vaccines
403
polyprenols, and critical reading of the manuscript. Preparation of
cationic derivatives of polyprenols used in a series of projects, which
contributed to this chapter, by Professor Marek Chmielewski and
Doctor Marek Masnyk of the Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS is
greatly appreciated. We also thank all the people from the Polish
Vaccine Consortium (PVC) involved in the development of vaccines against influenza virus. This work was, in part, financially
supported by the National Science Centre, Poland (2018/02/X/
NZ3/01566 to M.R. and 2018/31/B/NZ3/01750 to Z.M.).
References
1. Comberlato A, Paloja K, Bastings MMC
(2019) Nucleic acids presenting polymer nanomaterials as vaccine adjuvants. J Mater Chem B
7:6321.
https://doi.org/10.1039/
c9tb01222b
2. Myhr AI (2017) DNA vaccines: regulatory
considerations and safety aspects. Curr Issues
Mol Biol 22:79–88. https://doi.org/10.
21775/cimb.022.079
3. Hobernik D, Bros M (2018) DNA vaccines—
how far from clinical use? Int J Mol Sci 19.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113605
4. Un K, Kawakami S, Suzuki R et al (2010)
Development of an ultrasound-responsive and
mannose-modified gene carrier for DNA vaccine therapy. Biomaterials 31:7813–7826.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.
2010.06.058
5. Christensen D, Korsholm KS, Rosenkrands I
et al (2007) Cationic liposomes as vaccine adjuvants. Expert Rev Vaccines 6:785–796.
https://doi.org/10.1586/14760584.6.5.785
6. Firouzmand H, Badiee A, Khamesipour A et al
(2013) Induction of protection against leishmaniasis in susceptible BALB/c mice using
simple DOTAP cationic nanoliposomes containing soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA).
Acta Trop 128:528–535. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.actatropica.2013.07.021
7. Carroll TD, Matzinger SR, Barry PA et al
(2014) Efficacy of influenza vaccination of
elderly rhesus macaques is dramatically
improved by addition of a cationic lipid/DNA
adjuvant. J Infect Dis 209:24–33. https://doi.
org/10.1093/infdis/jit540
8. Korsholm KS, Andersen PL, Christensen D
(2012) Cationic liposomal vaccine adjuvants
in animal challenge models: overview and current clinical status. Expert Rev Vaccines
11:561–577. https://doi.org/10.1586/erv.
12.22
9. Stachyra A, Rak M, Redkiewicz P et al (2017)
Effective usage of cationic derivatives of polyprenols as carriers of DNA vaccines against
influenza virus. Virol J 14:168. https://doi.
org/10.1186/s12985-017-0838-x
10. Erasmus JH, Khandhar AP, Guderian J et al
(2018) A nanostructured lipid carrier for delivery of a replicating viral RNA provides single,
low-dose protection against Zika. Mol Ther
26:2507–2522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ymthe.2018.07.010
11. Wang W, Li W, Ma N, Steinhoff G (2013)
Non-viral gene delivery methods. Curr Pharm
Biotechnol 14:46–60
12. Pozzi D, Marchini C, Cardarelli F et al (2014)
Mechanistic evaluation of the transfection barriers involved in lipid-mediated gene delivery:
interplay between nanostructure and composition. Biochim Biophys Acta 1838:957–967.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.
11.014
13. Smisterova ´ J, Wagenaar A, Stuart MC et al
(2001) Molecular shape of the cationic lipid
controls the structure of cationic lipid/dioleylphosphatidylethanolamine-DNA
complexes
and the efficiency of gene delivery. J Biol
Chem 276:47615–47622. https://doi.org/
10.1074/jbc.M106199200
14. Zuhorn IS, Oberle V, Visser WH et al (2002)
Phase behavior of cationic amphiphiles and
their mixtures with helper lipid influences lipoplex shape, DNA translocation, and transfection efficiency. Biophys J 83:2096–2108.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(02)
73970-2
15. Madeja Z, Rak M, Wybieralska E et al (2007)
New cationic polyprenyl derivative proposed as
a lipofecting agent. Acta Biochim Pol
54:873–876
16. Rak M, Ochałek A, Bielecka E et al (2016)
Efficient and non-toxic gene delivery by
anionic lipoplexes based on polyprenyl
Lipofection-Based Delivery of DNA Vaccines
403