5. LaForce FM, Konde K, Viviani S, Pre ´ziosi M-P
(2007) The meningitis vaccine project. Vaccine
25(Suppl 1):A97–A100. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.vaccine.2007.04.049
6. Xie O, Pollard AJ, Mueller JE, Norheim G
(2013) Emergence of serogroup X meningococcal disease in Africa: need for a vaccine.
Vaccine 31:2852–2861. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.vaccine.2013.04.036
7. Ramjeet M, Deslandes V, Goure ´ J, Jacques M
(2008) Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae vaccines: from bacterins to new insights into vaccination strategies. Anim Health Res Rev
9:25–45.
https://doi.org/10.1017/
S1466252307001338
8. Micoli F, Del Bino L, Alfini R et al (2019)
Glycoconjugate vaccines: current approaches
towards faster vaccine design. Expert Rev Vaccines 18:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/
14760584.2019.1657012
9. Adamo R (2017) Advancing homogeneous
antimicrobial glycoconjugate vaccines. Acc
Chem Res 50:1270–1279. https://doi.org/
10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00106
10. Fiebig T, Berti F, Freiberger F et al (2014)
Functional expression of the capsule polymerase of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X: a
new perspective for vaccine development. Glycobiology 24:150–158. https://doi.org/10.
1093/glycob/cwt102
11. Muindi KM, McCarthy PC, Wang T et al
(2014) Characterization of the meningococcal
serogroup X capsule N-acetylglucosamine-1phosphotransferase.
Glycobiology
24:139–149.
https://doi.org/10.1093/
glycob/cwt091
12. Fiebig T, Litschko C, Freiberger F et al (2018)
Efficient solid-phase synthesis of meningococcal capsular oligosaccharides enables simple and
fast chemoenzymatic vaccine production. J
Biol Chem 293:953–962. https://doi.org/
10.1074/jbc.RA117.000488
13. Ming SA, Cottman-Thomas E, Black NC et al
(2018) Interaction of Neisseria meningitidis
Group X N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase with its donor substrate. Glycobiology 28:100–107. https://doi.org/10.1093/
glycob/cwx100
14. Oldrini D, Fiebig T, Romano MR et al (2018)
Combined chemical synthesis and tailored
enzymatic elongation provide fully synthetic
and conjugation-ready Neisseria meningitidis
serogroup X vaccine antigens. ACS Chem Biol
13:984–994.
https://doi.org/10.1021/
acschembio.7b01057
15. Fiebig T, Romano MR, Oldrini D et al (2016)
An efficient cell free enzyme-based total synthesis of a meningococcal vaccine candidate.
NPJ Vaccines 1:16017. https://doi.org/10.
1038/npjvaccines.2016.17
16. Byrd W, Harmon BG, Kadis S (1992) Protective efficacy of conjugate vaccines against
experimental challenge with porcine Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 34:307–324. https://doi.org/10.
1016/0165-2427(92)90172-M
17. Byrd W, Kadis S (1992) Preparation, characterization, and immunogenicity of conjugate vaccines
directed
against
Actinobacillus
pleuropneumoniae virulence determinants.
Infect Immun 60:3042–3051
18. Willis LM, Stupak J, Richards MR et al (2013)
Conserved glycolipid termini in capsular polysaccharides synthesized by ATP-binding cassette transporter-dependent pathways in
Gram-negative pathogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci
U S A 110:7868–7873. https://doi.org/10.
1073/pnas.1222317110
19. Fiebig T, Freiberger F, Pinto V et al (2014)
Molecular cloning and functional characterization of components of the capsule biosynthesis
complex of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A:
toward in vitro vaccine production. J Biol
Chem 289:19395–19407. https://doi.org/
10.1074/jbc.M114.575142
20. Litschko C, Oldrini D, Budde I et al (2018) A
new family of capsule polymerases generates
teichoic acid-like capsule polymers in gramnegative pathogens. MBio 9:e00641–e00618.
https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00641-18
21. Litschko C, Romano MR, Pinto V et al (2015)
The capsule polymerase CslB of Neisseria
meningitidis serogroup L catalyzes the synthesis of a complex trimeric repeating unit comprising glycosidic and phosphodiester linkages.
J Biol Chem 290:24355–24366. https://doi.
org/10.1074/jbc.M115.678094
22. Perry MB, Altman E, Brisson JR et al (1990)
Structural characteristics of the antigenic capsular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides
involved in the serological classification of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae
strains. Serodiagn Immunother Infect Dis
4:299–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/08880786(90)90018-J
23. Fiebig T, Litschko C, Gerardy-Schahn R et al
(2017) Means and methods for producing
phosphate containing capsular polysaccharides.
LU100349
Enzymatic Polymer Synthesis for Glycoconjugate Vaccines
329
(2007) The meningitis vaccine project. Vaccine
25(Suppl 1):A97–A100. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.vaccine.2007.04.049
6. Xie O, Pollard AJ, Mueller JE, Norheim G
(2013) Emergence of serogroup X meningococcal disease in Africa: need for a vaccine.
Vaccine 31:2852–2861. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.vaccine.2013.04.036
7. Ramjeet M, Deslandes V, Goure ´ J, Jacques M
(2008) Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae vaccines: from bacterins to new insights into vaccination strategies. Anim Health Res Rev
9:25–45.
https://doi.org/10.1017/
S1466252307001338
8. Micoli F, Del Bino L, Alfini R et al (2019)
Glycoconjugate vaccines: current approaches
towards faster vaccine design. Expert Rev Vaccines 18:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/
14760584.2019.1657012
9. Adamo R (2017) Advancing homogeneous
antimicrobial glycoconjugate vaccines. Acc
Chem Res 50:1270–1279. https://doi.org/
10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00106
10. Fiebig T, Berti F, Freiberger F et al (2014)
Functional expression of the capsule polymerase of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X: a
new perspective for vaccine development. Glycobiology 24:150–158. https://doi.org/10.
1093/glycob/cwt102
11. Muindi KM, McCarthy PC, Wang T et al
(2014) Characterization of the meningococcal
serogroup X capsule N-acetylglucosamine-1phosphotransferase.
Glycobiology
24:139–149.
https://doi.org/10.1093/
glycob/cwt091
12. Fiebig T, Litschko C, Freiberger F et al (2018)
Efficient solid-phase synthesis of meningococcal capsular oligosaccharides enables simple and
fast chemoenzymatic vaccine production. J
Biol Chem 293:953–962. https://doi.org/
10.1074/jbc.RA117.000488
13. Ming SA, Cottman-Thomas E, Black NC et al
(2018) Interaction of Neisseria meningitidis
Group X N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase with its donor substrate. Glycobiology 28:100–107. https://doi.org/10.1093/
glycob/cwx100
14. Oldrini D, Fiebig T, Romano MR et al (2018)
Combined chemical synthesis and tailored
enzymatic elongation provide fully synthetic
and conjugation-ready Neisseria meningitidis
serogroup X vaccine antigens. ACS Chem Biol
13:984–994.
https://doi.org/10.1021/
acschembio.7b01057
15. Fiebig T, Romano MR, Oldrini D et al (2016)
An efficient cell free enzyme-based total synthesis of a meningococcal vaccine candidate.
NPJ Vaccines 1:16017. https://doi.org/10.
1038/npjvaccines.2016.17
16. Byrd W, Harmon BG, Kadis S (1992) Protective efficacy of conjugate vaccines against
experimental challenge with porcine Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 34:307–324. https://doi.org/10.
1016/0165-2427(92)90172-M
17. Byrd W, Kadis S (1992) Preparation, characterization, and immunogenicity of conjugate vaccines
directed
against
Actinobacillus
pleuropneumoniae virulence determinants.
Infect Immun 60:3042–3051
18. Willis LM, Stupak J, Richards MR et al (2013)
Conserved glycolipid termini in capsular polysaccharides synthesized by ATP-binding cassette transporter-dependent pathways in
Gram-negative pathogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci
U S A 110:7868–7873. https://doi.org/10.
1073/pnas.1222317110
19. Fiebig T, Freiberger F, Pinto V et al (2014)
Molecular cloning and functional characterization of components of the capsule biosynthesis
complex of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A:
toward in vitro vaccine production. J Biol
Chem 289:19395–19407. https://doi.org/
10.1074/jbc.M114.575142
20. Litschko C, Oldrini D, Budde I et al (2018) A
new family of capsule polymerases generates
teichoic acid-like capsule polymers in gramnegative pathogens. MBio 9:e00641–e00618.
https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00641-18
21. Litschko C, Romano MR, Pinto V et al (2015)
The capsule polymerase CslB of Neisseria
meningitidis serogroup L catalyzes the synthesis of a complex trimeric repeating unit comprising glycosidic and phosphodiester linkages.
J Biol Chem 290:24355–24366. https://doi.
org/10.1074/jbc.M115.678094
22. Perry MB, Altman E, Brisson JR et al (1990)
Structural characteristics of the antigenic capsular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides
involved in the serological classification of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae
strains. Serodiagn Immunother Infect Dis
4:299–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/08880786(90)90018-J
23. Fiebig T, Litschko C, Gerardy-Schahn R et al
(2017) Means and methods for producing
phosphate containing capsular polysaccharides.
LU100349
Enzymatic Polymer Synthesis for Glycoconjugate Vaccines
329