42. Minor PD (2015) Live attenuated vaccines:
historical successes and current challenges.
Virology 479–480:379–392
43. Baxby D (2003) Smallpox vaccination techniques. 2. Accessories and aftercare. Vaccine 21
(13–14):1382–1390
44. Luca S, Mihaescu T (2013) History of BCG
vaccine. Maedica (Buchar) 8(1):53–58
45. Collins ND, Barrett AD (2017) Live attenuated yellow fever 17D vaccine: a legacy vaccine still controlling outbreaks in modern day.
Curr Infect Dis Rep 19(3):14. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11908-017-0566-9
46. Pliaka V, Kyriakopoulou Z, Markoulatos P
(2012) Risks associated with the use of liveattenuated vaccine poliovirus strains and the
strategies for control and eradication of paralytic poliomyelitis. Expert Rev Vaccines 11
(5):609–628
47. Werzberger A, Mensch B, Kuter B, Brown L,
Lewis J, Sitrin R, Miller W, Shouval D,
Wiens B, Calandra G, Ryan J (1992) A controlled trial of a formalin-inactivated hepatitis
A vaccine in healthy children. N Engl J Med
327(7):453–457
48. Wood JM, Robertson JS (2004) From lethal
virus to life-saving vaccine: developing inactivated vaccines for pandemic influenza. Nat
Rev Microbiol 2(10):842
49. Monath TP, Lee CK, Julander JG, Brown A,
Beasley DW, Watts DM, Hayman E,
Guertin P, Makowiecki J, Crowell J, Levesque
P (2010) Inactivated yellow fever 17D vaccine: development and nonclinical safety,
immunogenicity and protective activity. Vaccine 28(22):3827–3840
50. Vijaykrishna D, Mukerji R, Smith GJ (2015)
RNA virus reassortment: an evolutionary
mechanism for host jumps and immune evasion. PLoS Pathog 11(7):e1004902. https://
doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004902
51. Clark HF, Offit PA, Plotkin SA, Heaton PM
(2006) The new pentavalent rotavirus vaccine
composed of bovine (strain WC3)-human
rotavirus reassortants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 25
(7):577–583
52. Tan LK, Carlone GM, Borrow R (2010)
Advances in the development of vaccines
against Neisseria meningitidis. N Engl J Med
362(16):1511–1520
53. Ni Y, Springer MJ, Guo J, Finger-Baker I,
Wilson JP, Cobb RR, Turner D, Tizard I
(2017) Development of a synthetic Vi polysaccharide vaccine for typhoid fever. Vaccine
35(51):7121–7126.
https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.081
54. Butler JC, Breiman RF, Campbell JF, Lipman
HB, Broome CV, Facklam RR (1993) Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine efficacy: an
evaluation of current recommendations.
JAMA 270(15):1826–1831
55. Peltola H (2000) Worldwide Haemophilus
influenzae type b disease at the beginning of
the 21st century: global analysis of the disease
burden 25 years after the use of the polysaccharide vaccine and a decade after the advent
of conjugates. Clin Microbiol Rev 13
(2):302–317
56. Lee CJ, Lee LH, Koizumi K (2002) Polysaccharide
vaccines
for
prevention
of
encapsulated bacterial infections: part 1. Inf
Med 19(3):127–133
57. AlonsoDeVelasco E, Verheul AF, Verhoef J,
Snippe H (1995) Streptococcus pneumoniae:
virulence factors, pathogenesis, and vaccines.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 59(4):591–603
58. Dekleva ML (2002) Vaccine technology. In:
Flickinger MC, Drew SW (eds) Encyclopedia
of bioprocess technology. Wiley, New York.
https://doi.org/10.1002/0471250589.
ebt215
59. Kelly DF, Moxon ER, Pollard AJ (2004) Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines.
Immunology
113(2):163–174.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2567.
2004.01971.x
60. Maiden MC (2013) The impact of proteinconjugate polysaccharide vaccines: an endgame for meningitis? Philos Trans R Soc
Lond Ser B Biol Sci 368(1623):20120147.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0147
61. Gupta RK (1998) Aluminum compounds as
vaccine adjuvants. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 32
(3):155–172
62. Marciani DJ (2003) Vaccine adjuvants: role
and mechanisms of action in vaccine immunogenicity. Drug Discov Today 8(20):934–943
63. Alving CR, Peachman KK, Rao M, Reed SG
(2012) Adjuvants for human vaccines. Curr
Opin Immunol 24(3):310–315
64. Mulard L (2007) Carbohydrates and vaccines:
from purified polysaccharides to semisynthetic glycoconjugate vaccines. Ann
Pharm Fr 65(1):14–32
65. Colombo C, Pitirollo O, Lay L (2018) Recent
advances in the synthesis of glycoconjugates
for vaccine development. Molecules 23
(7):1712.
https://doi.org/10.3390/
molecules23071712
66. Gupta SK, Shukla P (2018) Glycosylation
control technologies for recombinant therapeutic proteins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol
102(24):10457–10468
Whole-Cell Vaccine Preparation: Options and Perspectives
263
historical successes and current challenges.
Virology 479–480:379–392
43. Baxby D (2003) Smallpox vaccination techniques. 2. Accessories and aftercare. Vaccine 21
(13–14):1382–1390
44. Luca S, Mihaescu T (2013) History of BCG
vaccine. Maedica (Buchar) 8(1):53–58
45. Collins ND, Barrett AD (2017) Live attenuated yellow fever 17D vaccine: a legacy vaccine still controlling outbreaks in modern day.
Curr Infect Dis Rep 19(3):14. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11908-017-0566-9
46. Pliaka V, Kyriakopoulou Z, Markoulatos P
(2012) Risks associated with the use of liveattenuated vaccine poliovirus strains and the
strategies for control and eradication of paralytic poliomyelitis. Expert Rev Vaccines 11
(5):609–628
47. Werzberger A, Mensch B, Kuter B, Brown L,
Lewis J, Sitrin R, Miller W, Shouval D,
Wiens B, Calandra G, Ryan J (1992) A controlled trial of a formalin-inactivated hepatitis
A vaccine in healthy children. N Engl J Med
327(7):453–457
48. Wood JM, Robertson JS (2004) From lethal
virus to life-saving vaccine: developing inactivated vaccines for pandemic influenza. Nat
Rev Microbiol 2(10):842
49. Monath TP, Lee CK, Julander JG, Brown A,
Beasley DW, Watts DM, Hayman E,
Guertin P, Makowiecki J, Crowell J, Levesque
P (2010) Inactivated yellow fever 17D vaccine: development and nonclinical safety,
immunogenicity and protective activity. Vaccine 28(22):3827–3840
50. Vijaykrishna D, Mukerji R, Smith GJ (2015)
RNA virus reassortment: an evolutionary
mechanism for host jumps and immune evasion. PLoS Pathog 11(7):e1004902. https://
doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004902
51. Clark HF, Offit PA, Plotkin SA, Heaton PM
(2006) The new pentavalent rotavirus vaccine
composed of bovine (strain WC3)-human
rotavirus reassortants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 25
(7):577–583
52. Tan LK, Carlone GM, Borrow R (2010)
Advances in the development of vaccines
against Neisseria meningitidis. N Engl J Med
362(16):1511–1520
53. Ni Y, Springer MJ, Guo J, Finger-Baker I,
Wilson JP, Cobb RR, Turner D, Tizard I
(2017) Development of a synthetic Vi polysaccharide vaccine for typhoid fever. Vaccine
35(51):7121–7126.
https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.081
54. Butler JC, Breiman RF, Campbell JF, Lipman
HB, Broome CV, Facklam RR (1993) Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine efficacy: an
evaluation of current recommendations.
JAMA 270(15):1826–1831
55. Peltola H (2000) Worldwide Haemophilus
influenzae type b disease at the beginning of
the 21st century: global analysis of the disease
burden 25 years after the use of the polysaccharide vaccine and a decade after the advent
of conjugates. Clin Microbiol Rev 13
(2):302–317
56. Lee CJ, Lee LH, Koizumi K (2002) Polysaccharide
vaccines
for
prevention
of
encapsulated bacterial infections: part 1. Inf
Med 19(3):127–133
57. AlonsoDeVelasco E, Verheul AF, Verhoef J,
Snippe H (1995) Streptococcus pneumoniae:
virulence factors, pathogenesis, and vaccines.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 59(4):591–603
58. Dekleva ML (2002) Vaccine technology. In:
Flickinger MC, Drew SW (eds) Encyclopedia
of bioprocess technology. Wiley, New York.
https://doi.org/10.1002/0471250589.
ebt215
59. Kelly DF, Moxon ER, Pollard AJ (2004) Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines.
Immunology
113(2):163–174.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2567.
2004.01971.x
60. Maiden MC (2013) The impact of proteinconjugate polysaccharide vaccines: an endgame for meningitis? Philos Trans R Soc
Lond Ser B Biol Sci 368(1623):20120147.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0147
61. Gupta RK (1998) Aluminum compounds as
vaccine adjuvants. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 32
(3):155–172
62. Marciani DJ (2003) Vaccine adjuvants: role
and mechanisms of action in vaccine immunogenicity. Drug Discov Today 8(20):934–943
63. Alving CR, Peachman KK, Rao M, Reed SG
(2012) Adjuvants for human vaccines. Curr
Opin Immunol 24(3):310–315
64. Mulard L (2007) Carbohydrates and vaccines:
from purified polysaccharides to semisynthetic glycoconjugate vaccines. Ann
Pharm Fr 65(1):14–32
65. Colombo C, Pitirollo O, Lay L (2018) Recent
advances in the synthesis of glycoconjugates
for vaccine development. Molecules 23
(7):1712.
https://doi.org/10.3390/
molecules23071712
66. Gupta SK, Shukla P (2018) Glycosylation
control technologies for recombinant therapeutic proteins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol
102(24):10457–10468
Whole-Cell Vaccine Preparation: Options and Perspectives
263