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53. D.J. Blumenthal, H. Ballani, R.O. Behunin, J.E. Bowers, P. Costa, D. Lenoski, P. Morton, S.B.
Papp, P. T. Rakich, Frequency-stabilized links for coherent WDM fiber interconnects in the
datacenter. J. Lightw. Technol. 38 (Apr. 2020)
54. G. Kanakis et al., High-speed VCSEL-based transceiver for 200 GbE short-reach intradatacenter optical interconnects. Appl. Sci. 9 (2019)
55. C. Xie, L. Wang, L. Dou, M. Xia, S. Chen, H. Zhang, Z. Sun, J. Cheng, Open and disaggregated
optical transport networks for data center interconnects. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 12, C12–C22
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56. G. Keiser, FTTX Concepts and Applications (Wiley, Hoboken, 2006)
57. C.F. Lam (ed.), Passive Optical Networks: Principles and Practice (Academic Press,
Cambridge, 2007)
58. Y.C. Chung, Y. Takushima, Wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical networks (WDM
PONs), in Chap. 23 in Optical Fiber Tele-communications Volume VIB, 6th edn. (Academic
Press, Cambridge, 2013)
59. H.S. Abbas, M.A. Gregory, The next generation of passive optical networks: a review. J. Netw.
Comput. Appl. 67, 53–74 (2016)
60. D.A. Khotimsky, NG-PON2 transmission convergence layer: a tutorial. J. Lightw. Technol.
34(5), 1424–1432 (1 March 2016)
61. D. Zhang, D. Liu, X. Wu, D. Nesset, Progress of ITU-T higher speed passive optical network
(50G-PON) standardization: Review. J. Opt. Commun. Network. 12(10), D99–D108 (2020)
62. ITU-T Recommendation G.983.1, Broadband Optical Access Systems Based on Passive Optical
Network (PON) (Jan 2005)
63. ITU-T Recommendation G.984.1, Gigabit-capable passive optical network (GPON): General
characteristics (Mar. 2008)
64. ITU-T Recommendation G.987, 10-Gigabit-Capable Passive Optical Network (XG-PON):
Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms (June 2012)
65. IEEE 802.3ca 25G/50G-EPON standard (June 2020)
66. C.-L. Tseng, C.-K. Liu, J.-J. Jou, W.-Y. Lin, C.-W. Shih, S.-C. Lin, S.-L. Lee, G. Keiser,
Bidirectional transmission using tunable fiber lasers and injection-locked Fabry-Pérot laser
diodes for WDM access networks. Photonics Technol. Lett. 20(10), 794–796 (2008)
67. S.-C. Lin, S.-L. Lee, H.-H. Lin, G. Keiser, R.J. Ram, Cross-seeding schemes for WDM-based
next-generation optical access networks. J. Lightw. Technol. 29(24), 3727–3736 (2011)
68. E. Wong, Next-generation broadband access networks and technologies. J. Lightw. Technol.
30(4), 597–608 (2012)
69. F. Xiong, W.-D. Zhong, H. Kim, A broadcast-capable WDM passive optical network using
offset polarization multiplexing. IEEE J. Lightw. Technol. 30(14), 2329–2336 (2012)
70. L.B. Du, X. Zhao, S. Yin, T. Zhang, A.E.T. Barratt, J. Jiang, D. Wang, J. Geng, C. DeSanti, C.F.
Lam, Long-reach wavelength-routed TWDM PON: Technology and deployment. J. Lightw.
Technol. 37(3), 688–697 (1 Feb. 2019)