1.9 Summary
29
1.14 13.3 Mb/s
1.15 (a) 8000 bits of overhead; (b) Four DS-1 channels fit into a DS-2 channel.
136 kb/s of overhead are added; (c) A T 3 line can accommodate seven DS2
channels. The overhead is 192 kb/s. (d) 672 DS0 channels can be sent over a
T 3 line. The total added overhead is 1.368 Mb/s or 3%.
References
1. R.W. Burns, Communications: An International History of the Formative Years (Institution of
Electrical Engineers, London, 2004)
2. J. Hecht, City of Light, Oxford University Press, revised expanded ed., (2004). This book gives
a comprehensive account of the history behind the development of optical fiber communication
systems
3. E. Snitzer, Cylindrical dielectric waveguide modes. J. Opt. Soc. Amer. 51, 491–498 (1961)
4. K.C. Kao, G. A. Hockman, Dielectric-fibre surface waveguides for optical frequencies. Proc.
IEE, 113, 1151–1158 (1966)
5. F.P. Kapron, D.B. Keck, R.D. Maurer, Radiation losses in glass optical waveguides. Appl. Phys.
Lett. 17, 423–425 (1970)
6. A series of books published by Academic Press contains dozens of topics in all areas of optical
fiber technology presented by researchers from AT&T Bell Laboratories over a period of
forty years. (a) S.E. Miller, A.G. Chynoweth (eds.) Optical Fiber Telecommunications (1979);
(b) S.E. Miller, I.P. Kaminow (eds.) Optical Fiber Telecommunications–II (1988); (c) I.P.
Kaminow, T.L. Koch (eds.) Optical Fiber Telecommunications–III, vols. A and B (1997); (d)
I.P. Kaminow, T. Li (eds.) Optical Fiber Telecommunications–IV, vols. A and B (2002); (e)
I.P. Kaminow, T. Li, A.E. Willner (eds.) Optical Fiber Telecommunications–V, vols. A and B
(2008); (f ) I.P. Kaminow, T. Li, A. E. Willner (eds.) Optical Fiber Communications–VI. vols,
A and B (2013); (g) A.E. Willner (ed.) Optical Fiber Telecommunications-VII (2019)
7. E. Wong, Next-generation broadband access networks and technologies. J. Lightw. Technol.
30(4), 597–608 (2012)
8. R. Essiambre, R.W. Tkach, Capacity trends and limits of optical communication networks.
Proc. IEEE 100(5), 1035–1055 (2012)
9. C. Kachris, I. Tomkos, A survey on optical interconnects for data centers. IEEE Commun.
Surveys Tutorials 14(4), 1021–1036 4th Quarter (2012)
10. C. Lim, K.L. Lee, A.T. Nirmalathas, Review of physical layer networking for optical-wireless
integration. Opt. Eng. 55(3), 031113 (2016)
11. E. Agrell et al., Roadmap of optical communications. J. Opt. 18, 1–40 (2016)
12. P.J. Winzer, D.T. Neilson, A.R. Chraplyvy, Fiber-optic transmission and networking: the
previous 20 and the next 20 years [invited]. Opt. Express 26(18), 24190–24239 (2018)
13. G. Keiser, FTTX Concepts and Applications (Wiley, 2006)
14. A. Brillant, Digital and Analog Fiber Optic Communication for CATV and FTTx Applications
(Wiley, 2008)
15. J. Chesnoy, Undersea Fiber Communication Systems (Academic Press, 2016)
16. A. Paradisi, R. Carvalho Figueirdo, A. Chiuchiarelli, E. de Sousa Rosa (eds.) Optical
Communications (Springer, Berlin, 2019)
17. R. Hui, Introduction to Fiber-Optic Communications (Academic Press, 2019)
18. G.D. Peng, Handbook of Optical Fibers (Springer, 2019)
19. M. Ma, Current Research Progress of Optical Networks (Springer, Berlin, 2019)
20. B.E.A. Saleh, M.C. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, 3rd edn. (Wiley, 2019)
29
1.14 13.3 Mb/s
1.15 (a) 8000 bits of overhead; (b) Four DS-1 channels fit into a DS-2 channel.
136 kb/s of overhead are added; (c) A T 3 line can accommodate seven DS2
channels. The overhead is 192 kb/s. (d) 672 DS0 channels can be sent over a
T 3 line. The total added overhead is 1.368 Mb/s or 3%.
References
1. R.W. Burns, Communications: An International History of the Formative Years (Institution of
Electrical Engineers, London, 2004)
2. J. Hecht, City of Light, Oxford University Press, revised expanded ed., (2004). This book gives
a comprehensive account of the history behind the development of optical fiber communication
systems
3. E. Snitzer, Cylindrical dielectric waveguide modes. J. Opt. Soc. Amer. 51, 491–498 (1961)
4. K.C. Kao, G. A. Hockman, Dielectric-fibre surface waveguides for optical frequencies. Proc.
IEE, 113, 1151–1158 (1966)
5. F.P. Kapron, D.B. Keck, R.D. Maurer, Radiation losses in glass optical waveguides. Appl. Phys.
Lett. 17, 423–425 (1970)
6. A series of books published by Academic Press contains dozens of topics in all areas of optical
fiber technology presented by researchers from AT&T Bell Laboratories over a period of
forty years. (a) S.E. Miller, A.G. Chynoweth (eds.) Optical Fiber Telecommunications (1979);
(b) S.E. Miller, I.P. Kaminow (eds.) Optical Fiber Telecommunications–II (1988); (c) I.P.
Kaminow, T.L. Koch (eds.) Optical Fiber Telecommunications–III, vols. A and B (1997); (d)
I.P. Kaminow, T. Li (eds.) Optical Fiber Telecommunications–IV, vols. A and B (2002); (e)
I.P. Kaminow, T. Li, A.E. Willner (eds.) Optical Fiber Telecommunications–V, vols. A and B
(2008); (f ) I.P. Kaminow, T. Li, A. E. Willner (eds.) Optical Fiber Communications–VI. vols,
A and B (2013); (g) A.E. Willner (ed.) Optical Fiber Telecommunications-VII (2019)
7. E. Wong, Next-generation broadband access networks and technologies. J. Lightw. Technol.
30(4), 597–608 (2012)
8. R. Essiambre, R.W. Tkach, Capacity trends and limits of optical communication networks.
Proc. IEEE 100(5), 1035–1055 (2012)
9. C. Kachris, I. Tomkos, A survey on optical interconnects for data centers. IEEE Commun.
Surveys Tutorials 14(4), 1021–1036 4th Quarter (2012)
10. C. Lim, K.L. Lee, A.T. Nirmalathas, Review of physical layer networking for optical-wireless
integration. Opt. Eng. 55(3), 031113 (2016)
11. E. Agrell et al., Roadmap of optical communications. J. Opt. 18, 1–40 (2016)
12. P.J. Winzer, D.T. Neilson, A.R. Chraplyvy, Fiber-optic transmission and networking: the
previous 20 and the next 20 years [invited]. Opt. Express 26(18), 24190–24239 (2018)
13. G. Keiser, FTTX Concepts and Applications (Wiley, 2006)
14. A. Brillant, Digital and Analog Fiber Optic Communication for CATV and FTTx Applications
(Wiley, 2008)
15. J. Chesnoy, Undersea Fiber Communication Systems (Academic Press, 2016)
16. A. Paradisi, R. Carvalho Figueirdo, A. Chiuchiarelli, E. de Sousa Rosa (eds.) Optical
Communications (Springer, Berlin, 2019)
17. R. Hui, Introduction to Fiber-Optic Communications (Academic Press, 2019)
18. G.D. Peng, Handbook of Optical Fibers (Springer, 2019)
19. M. Ma, Current Research Progress of Optical Networks (Springer, Berlin, 2019)
20. B.E.A. Saleh, M.C. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, 3rd edn. (Wiley, 2019)