1.6 Basic Elements of Optical Fiber Systems
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Fig. 1.11 Optical fiber cables can be installed on poles, in ducts, and underwater, or they can be
buried directly in the ground
cable, minimizing stresses on the installed cable, periodically allowing extra cable
slack along the cable route for unexpected repairs, and avoiding excessive pulling
or hard yanks on the cable. For direct-burial installations a fiber optic cable can be
plowed directly underground or placed in a trench that is filled in later.
Transoceanic cable lengths can be many thousands of kilometers long and include
periodically spaced (on the order of 60–100 km) optical repeaters to boost the signal
level. The cables are assembled in onshore factories and then are loaded into special
21
Fig. 1.11 Optical fiber cables can be installed on poles, in ducts, and underwater, or they can be
buried directly in the ground
cable, minimizing stresses on the installed cable, periodically allowing extra cable
slack along the cable route for unexpected repairs, and avoiding excessive pulling
or hard yanks on the cable. For direct-burial installations a fiber optic cable can be
plowed directly underground or placed in a trench that is filled in later.
Transoceanic cable lengths can be many thousands of kilometers long and include
periodically spaced (on the order of 60–100 km) optical repeaters to boost the signal
level. The cables are assembled in onshore factories and then are loaded into special