240
5 Optical Power Coupling
5. TIA-455–54B, Mode Scrambler Requirements for Overfilled Launching Conditions to Multimode Fibers (1998)
6. M, Bass (ed.), Handbook of Optics, vol II (McGraw-Hill, 2010)
7. M. Forrer et al., High precision automated tab assembly with micro optics for optimized
high-power diode laser collimation, in Paper 11261-10, SPIE Photonics West, Feb. 2020
8. K. Sakai, M. Kawano, H. Aruga, S.-I. Takagi, S.-I. Kaneko, J. Suzuki, M. Negishi, Y. Kondoh,
K.-I. Fukuda, Photodiode packaging technique using ball lens and offset parabolic mirror. J.
Lightw. Technol. 27(17), 3874–3879 (2009)
9. A. Nicia, Lens coupling in fiber-optic devices: efficiency limits. Appl. Opt. 20, 3136–3145
(1981)
10. K. Keränen, J.T. Mäkinen, K.T. Kautio, J. Ollila, J. Petäjä, V. Heikkinen, J. Heilala, P. Karioja,
Fiber pigtailed multimode laser module based on passive device alignment on an LTCC
substrate. IEEE Trans. Adv. Packag. 29, 463–472 (2006)
11. G. Jiang, L. Diao, K. Kuang, Understanding lasers, laser diodes, laser diode packaging and their
relationship to tungsten copper, in Advanced Thermal Manage. Materials (Springer, 2013)
12. C. Tsou, Y.S. Huang, Silicon-based packaging platform for light-emitting diode. IEEE Trans.
Adv. Pack. 29, 607–614 (2006)
13. See any general physics or introductory optics book; for example: (a) H.D. Young, R.A.
Freedman, University Physics with Modern Physics, 15th edn. (Pearson, 2020); (b) K. Lizuka,
Engineering Optics (Springer, 2019); (c) C.A. Diarzio, Optics for Engineers (Apple Academic
Press, 2021)
14. M.C. Hudson, Calculation of the maximum optical coupling efficiency into multimode optical
waveguides. Appl. Opt. 13, 1029–1033 (1974)
15. P. Di Vita, U. Rossi, Realistic evaluation of coupling loss between different optical fibers.
J. Opt. Common. 1, 26–32 (1980); Evaluation of splice losses induced by mismatch in fiber
parameters. Opt. Quantum Electron. 13, 91–94 (1981)
16. M.J. Adams, D.N. Payne, F.M.E. Staden, Splicing tolerances in graded index fibers. Appl.
Phys. Lett. 28, 524–526 (1976)
17. D. Gloge, Offset and tilt loss in optical fiber splices. Bell Sys. Tech. J. 55, 905–916 (1976)
18. T.C. Chu, A.R. McCormick, Measurement of loss due to offset, end separation and angular
misalignment in graded index fibers excited by an incoherent source. Bell Sys. Tech. J. 57,
595–602 (1978)
19. C.M. Miller, Transmission vs. transverse offset for parabolic-profile fiber splices with unequal
core diameters. Bell Sys. Tech. J. 55, 917–927 (1976)
20. D. Gloge, E.A.J. Marcatili, Multimode theory of graded-core fibers. Bell Sys. Tech. J. 52,
1563–1578 (1973)
21. F.L. Thiel, D.H. Davis, Contributions of optical-waveguide manufacturing variations to joint
loss. Electron. Lett. 12, 340–341 (1976)
22. D. Marcuse, D. Gloge, E.A.J. Marcatili, Guiding properties of fibers, in ed. by S.E. Miller,
A.G. Chynoweth. Optical Fiber Telecommunications (Academic Press, 1979)
23. G. Van Steenberge, P. Geerinck, S. Van Put, J. Watté, H. Ottevaere, H. Thienpont, P. Van Daele,
Laser cleaving of glass fibers and glass fiber arrays. J. Lightw. Technol. 23, 609–614 (2005)
24. W.H. Wu, C.L. Chang, C.H. Hwang, A study on cutting glass fibers by CO 2 laser. Appl. Mech.
Mater. 590, 192–196 (2014)
5 Optical Power Coupling
5. TIA-455–54B, Mode Scrambler Requirements for Overfilled Launching Conditions to Multimode Fibers (1998)
6. M, Bass (ed.), Handbook of Optics, vol II (McGraw-Hill, 2010)
7. M. Forrer et al., High precision automated tab assembly with micro optics for optimized
high-power diode laser collimation, in Paper 11261-10, SPIE Photonics West, Feb. 2020
8. K. Sakai, M. Kawano, H. Aruga, S.-I. Takagi, S.-I. Kaneko, J. Suzuki, M. Negishi, Y. Kondoh,
K.-I. Fukuda, Photodiode packaging technique using ball lens and offset parabolic mirror. J.
Lightw. Technol. 27(17), 3874–3879 (2009)
9. A. Nicia, Lens coupling in fiber-optic devices: efficiency limits. Appl. Opt. 20, 3136–3145
(1981)
10. K. Keränen, J.T. Mäkinen, K.T. Kautio, J. Ollila, J. Petäjä, V. Heikkinen, J. Heilala, P. Karioja,
Fiber pigtailed multimode laser module based on passive device alignment on an LTCC
substrate. IEEE Trans. Adv. Packag. 29, 463–472 (2006)
11. G. Jiang, L. Diao, K. Kuang, Understanding lasers, laser diodes, laser diode packaging and their
relationship to tungsten copper, in Advanced Thermal Manage. Materials (Springer, 2013)
12. C. Tsou, Y.S. Huang, Silicon-based packaging platform for light-emitting diode. IEEE Trans.
Adv. Pack. 29, 607–614 (2006)
13. See any general physics or introductory optics book; for example: (a) H.D. Young, R.A.
Freedman, University Physics with Modern Physics, 15th edn. (Pearson, 2020); (b) K. Lizuka,
Engineering Optics (Springer, 2019); (c) C.A. Diarzio, Optics for Engineers (Apple Academic
Press, 2021)
14. M.C. Hudson, Calculation of the maximum optical coupling efficiency into multimode optical
waveguides. Appl. Opt. 13, 1029–1033 (1974)
15. P. Di Vita, U. Rossi, Realistic evaluation of coupling loss between different optical fibers.
J. Opt. Common. 1, 26–32 (1980); Evaluation of splice losses induced by mismatch in fiber
parameters. Opt. Quantum Electron. 13, 91–94 (1981)
16. M.J. Adams, D.N. Payne, F.M.E. Staden, Splicing tolerances in graded index fibers. Appl.
Phys. Lett. 28, 524–526 (1976)
17. D. Gloge, Offset and tilt loss in optical fiber splices. Bell Sys. Tech. J. 55, 905–916 (1976)
18. T.C. Chu, A.R. McCormick, Measurement of loss due to offset, end separation and angular
misalignment in graded index fibers excited by an incoherent source. Bell Sys. Tech. J. 57,
595–602 (1978)
19. C.M. Miller, Transmission vs. transverse offset for parabolic-profile fiber splices with unequal
core diameters. Bell Sys. Tech. J. 55, 917–927 (1976)
20. D. Gloge, E.A.J. Marcatili, Multimode theory of graded-core fibers. Bell Sys. Tech. J. 52,
1563–1578 (1973)
21. F.L. Thiel, D.H. Davis, Contributions of optical-waveguide manufacturing variations to joint
loss. Electron. Lett. 12, 340–341 (1976)
22. D. Marcuse, D. Gloge, E.A.J. Marcatili, Guiding properties of fibers, in ed. by S.E. Miller,
A.G. Chynoweth. Optical Fiber Telecommunications (Academic Press, 1979)
23. G. Van Steenberge, P. Geerinck, S. Van Put, J. Watté, H. Ottevaere, H. Thienpont, P. Van Daele,
Laser cleaving of glass fibers and glass fiber arrays. J. Lightw. Technol. 23, 609–614 (2005)
24. W.H. Wu, C.L. Chang, C.H. Hwang, A study on cutting glass fibers by CO 2 laser. Appl. Mech.
Mater. 590, 192–196 (2014)