References
91
2. See any introductory electromagnetics book; for example: (a) B.M. Notaros, Electromagnetics
(Prentice Hall, 2011); (b) W.H. Hayt Jr, J.A. Buck, Engineering Electromagnetics, 9th edn.
(McGraw-Hill, 2019); (c) N. Ida, Engineering Electromagnetics, 4th edn. (Springer, 2020); (d)
F.T. Ulaby, Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics, 7th edn. (Pearson, 2015)
3. B.E.A. Saleh, M.C. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, 3rd edn. (Wiley, 2019)
4. E.A.J. Marcatili, in Objectives of Early Fibers: Evolution of Fiber Types, ed. by S.E. Miller,
A.G. Chynoweth, Optical Fiber Telecommunications (Academic Press, 1979)
5. R.J. Black, L. Gagnon, Optical Waveguide Modes: Polarization, Coupling and Symmetry
(McGraw-Hill, 2010).
6. A.W. Snyder, J.D. Love, Optical Waveguide Theory (Chapman and Hall, 1983)
7. C. Yeh, F. Shimabukuro, The Essence of Dielectric Waveguides (Springer, Berlin, 2008)
8. K. Okamoto, Fundamentals of Optical Waveguides, 2nd edn. (Academic Press, 2006)
9. C.L. Chen, Foundations of Guided-Wave Optics (Wiley, 2007)
10. K. Kawano, T. Kitoh, Introduction to Optical Waveguide Analysis: Solving Maxwell’s Equation
and the Schrödinger Equation (Wiley, 2002)
11. J.A. Buck, Fundamentals of Optical Fibers, 2nd edn. (Wiley, 2004)
12. J. Hu, C.R. Menyuk, Understanding leaky modes: slab waveguide revisited. Adv. Optics Photon.
1(1), 58–106 (2009)
13. A.K. Ghatak, Leaky modes in optical waveguides. Opt. Quant. Electron. 17, 311–321 (1985)
14. E. Snitzer, Cylindrical dielectric waveguide modes. J. Opt. Soc. Amer. 51, 491–498 (1961)
15. M. Koshiba, Optical Waveguide Analysis (McGraw-Hill, 1992)
16. D. Marcuse, Light Transmission Optics, 2nd edn. (Van Nostrand-Reinhold, 1982)
17. R. Olshansky, Propagation in glass optical waveguides. Rev. Mod. Phys. 51, 341–367 (1979)
18. D. Gloge, The optical fiber as a transmission medium. Rep. Progr. Phys. 42, 1777–1824 (1979)
19. D. Gloge, Weakly guiding fibers. Appl. Opt. 10, 2252–2258 (1971)
20. ITU-T Recommendation G.652, Characteristics of a single-mode optical fibre and cable (2016)
21. A.W. Snyder, Asymptotic expressions for eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of a dielectric or
optical waveguide. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., MTT-17, 1130–1138 (1969)
22. D. Marcuse, Gaussian approximation of the fundamental modes of graded index fibers. J. Opt.
Soc. Amer. 68, 103–109 (1978)
23. H.M. DeRuiter, Integral equation approach to the computation of modes in an optical waveguide. J. Opt. Soc. Amer. 70, 1519–1524 (1980)
24. A.W. Snyder, Understanding monomode optical fibers. Proc. IEEE 69, 6–13 (1981)
25. D. Marcuse, D. Gloge, E.A.J. Marcatili, in Guiding Properties of Fibers, ed. by S.E. Miller,
A.G. Chynoweth, Optical Fiber Telecommunications (Academic Press, 1979)
26. M. Artiglia, G. Coppa, P. DiVita, M. Potenza, A. Sharma, Mode field diameter measurements
in single-mode optical fibers. J. Lightw. Technol. 7, 1139–1152 (1989)
27. T.J. Drapela, D.L. Franzen, A.H. Cherin, R.J. Smith, A comparison of far-field methods for
determining mode field diameter of single-mode fibers using both gaussian and Petermann
definitions. J. Lightw. Technol. 7, 1153–1157 (1989)
28. K. Petermann, Constraints for fundamental mode spot size for broadband dispersioncompensated single-mode fibers. Electron. Lett. 19, 712–714 (1983)
29. (a) ITU-T Recommendation G.650.1, Definitions and Test Methods for Linear, Deterministic Attributes of Single-Mode Fibre and Cable (2018); (b) ITU-T Recommendation G.650.2,
Definitions and Test Methods for Statistical and Nonlinear Related Attributes of Single-Mode
Fibre and Cable (2015); (c) ITU-T Recommendation G.650.3, Test Methods for Installed
Single-Mode Optical Fibre Cable Links (2017)
30. IEC-60793-1-45, Measurement Methods and Test Procedures—Mode Field Diameter (2017)
31. R. Hui, M. O’Sullivan, Fiber Optic Measurement Techniques (Academic Press, 2009)
32. I.P. Kaminow, Polarization in optical fibers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 17, 15–22 (1981)
33. J.N. Damask, Polarization Optics in Telecommunications (Springer, Berlin, 2004)
34. M. Brodsky, N.J. Frigo, M. Tur, in Polarization Mode Dispersion, ed. by I.P. Kaminov, T. Li,
A.E. Willner, Optical Fiber Telecommunications-V, vol A, chap 17 (Academic Press, 2008),
pp. 593–669
91
2. See any introductory electromagnetics book; for example: (a) B.M. Notaros, Electromagnetics
(Prentice Hall, 2011); (b) W.H. Hayt Jr, J.A. Buck, Engineering Electromagnetics, 9th edn.
(McGraw-Hill, 2019); (c) N. Ida, Engineering Electromagnetics, 4th edn. (Springer, 2020); (d)
F.T. Ulaby, Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics, 7th edn. (Pearson, 2015)
3. B.E.A. Saleh, M.C. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, 3rd edn. (Wiley, 2019)
4. E.A.J. Marcatili, in Objectives of Early Fibers: Evolution of Fiber Types, ed. by S.E. Miller,
A.G. Chynoweth, Optical Fiber Telecommunications (Academic Press, 1979)
5. R.J. Black, L. Gagnon, Optical Waveguide Modes: Polarization, Coupling and Symmetry
(McGraw-Hill, 2010).
6. A.W. Snyder, J.D. Love, Optical Waveguide Theory (Chapman and Hall, 1983)
7. C. Yeh, F. Shimabukuro, The Essence of Dielectric Waveguides (Springer, Berlin, 2008)
8. K. Okamoto, Fundamentals of Optical Waveguides, 2nd edn. (Academic Press, 2006)
9. C.L. Chen, Foundations of Guided-Wave Optics (Wiley, 2007)
10. K. Kawano, T. Kitoh, Introduction to Optical Waveguide Analysis: Solving Maxwell’s Equation
and the Schrödinger Equation (Wiley, 2002)
11. J.A. Buck, Fundamentals of Optical Fibers, 2nd edn. (Wiley, 2004)
12. J. Hu, C.R. Menyuk, Understanding leaky modes: slab waveguide revisited. Adv. Optics Photon.
1(1), 58–106 (2009)
13. A.K. Ghatak, Leaky modes in optical waveguides. Opt. Quant. Electron. 17, 311–321 (1985)
14. E. Snitzer, Cylindrical dielectric waveguide modes. J. Opt. Soc. Amer. 51, 491–498 (1961)
15. M. Koshiba, Optical Waveguide Analysis (McGraw-Hill, 1992)
16. D. Marcuse, Light Transmission Optics, 2nd edn. (Van Nostrand-Reinhold, 1982)
17. R. Olshansky, Propagation in glass optical waveguides. Rev. Mod. Phys. 51, 341–367 (1979)
18. D. Gloge, The optical fiber as a transmission medium. Rep. Progr. Phys. 42, 1777–1824 (1979)
19. D. Gloge, Weakly guiding fibers. Appl. Opt. 10, 2252–2258 (1971)
20. ITU-T Recommendation G.652, Characteristics of a single-mode optical fibre and cable (2016)
21. A.W. Snyder, Asymptotic expressions for eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of a dielectric or
optical waveguide. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., MTT-17, 1130–1138 (1969)
22. D. Marcuse, Gaussian approximation of the fundamental modes of graded index fibers. J. Opt.
Soc. Amer. 68, 103–109 (1978)
23. H.M. DeRuiter, Integral equation approach to the computation of modes in an optical waveguide. J. Opt. Soc. Amer. 70, 1519–1524 (1980)
24. A.W. Snyder, Understanding monomode optical fibers. Proc. IEEE 69, 6–13 (1981)
25. D. Marcuse, D. Gloge, E.A.J. Marcatili, in Guiding Properties of Fibers, ed. by S.E. Miller,
A.G. Chynoweth, Optical Fiber Telecommunications (Academic Press, 1979)
26. M. Artiglia, G. Coppa, P. DiVita, M. Potenza, A. Sharma, Mode field diameter measurements
in single-mode optical fibers. J. Lightw. Technol. 7, 1139–1152 (1989)
27. T.J. Drapela, D.L. Franzen, A.H. Cherin, R.J. Smith, A comparison of far-field methods for
determining mode field diameter of single-mode fibers using both gaussian and Petermann
definitions. J. Lightw. Technol. 7, 1153–1157 (1989)
28. K. Petermann, Constraints for fundamental mode spot size for broadband dispersioncompensated single-mode fibers. Electron. Lett. 19, 712–714 (1983)
29. (a) ITU-T Recommendation G.650.1, Definitions and Test Methods for Linear, Deterministic Attributes of Single-Mode Fibre and Cable (2018); (b) ITU-T Recommendation G.650.2,
Definitions and Test Methods for Statistical and Nonlinear Related Attributes of Single-Mode
Fibre and Cable (2015); (c) ITU-T Recommendation G.650.3, Test Methods for Installed
Single-Mode Optical Fibre Cable Links (2017)
30. IEC-60793-1-45, Measurement Methods and Test Procedures—Mode Field Diameter (2017)
31. R. Hui, M. O’Sullivan, Fiber Optic Measurement Techniques (Academic Press, 2009)
32. I.P. Kaminow, Polarization in optical fibers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 17, 15–22 (1981)
33. J.N. Damask, Polarization Optics in Telecommunications (Springer, Berlin, 2004)
34. M. Brodsky, N.J. Frigo, M. Tur, in Polarization Mode Dispersion, ed. by I.P. Kaminov, T. Li,
A.E. Willner, Optical Fiber Telecommunications-V, vol A, chap 17 (Academic Press, 2008),
pp. 593–669