1 China’s Energy Transition Strategy in the Context of Global …
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Fig. 1.13 LMDI decomposition of changes in energy use in the economy of provinces and
municipalities from 2011 to 2016
1. The coal development and utilization structure (shape of coal flow) best
mirrors regional disparities in China’s energy systems.
Energy systems of various provinces and municipalities can be grouped into four
categories: (1) in the first category of energy system (Fig. 1.12, upper left), the
coal flow resembles the Chinese character “几”, that is, coal is mainly supplied
from outside, and is mostly used for electric heating production in energy conversion. 16 provinces and municipalities fall into this category; (2) in the second type
of energy system (Fig. 1.12, lower left), the coal flow is shaped as “一”, which
indicates vast local production of coal and exports to other regions. The energy
systems of three major coal producers fit this description, i.e. Inner Mongolia,
Shanxi and Shaanxi; (3) in the third type of energy system (Fig. 1.12, lower
center), the coal flow comes in the shape of Chinese character “乙”, which
refers to general self-sufficiency of coals in these regions with limited imports
or exports. Xinjiang, Ningxia, Anhui, Guizhou and Gansu fit this category. (4)
in the fourth energy system (lower right corner of Fig. 1.12), coal flow is not a
major part of the energy system. The six regions produce and consume less coal,
with other sources dominating the energy mix. For example, Beijing is mostly
natural gas and electricity, Shanghai and Hainan see a high percentage of oil, and
Sichuan, Yunnan and Qinghai are mostly hydropower.
2. Per capita GDP constitutes the biggest driver of energy consumption growth
in the economy of all regions. Between 2011 and 2016, 20 out of the 29 provinces
and municipalities saw increase of energy consumption in the economy. The
LMDI decomposition analysis of the drivers of energy consumption growth is
shown in Fig. 1.13. The red dots represent changes in the total energy consumption in the economic sector of each province over a five-year period, ranked from
the highest to the lowest. The bar chart shows the changes in energy consumption
caused by different drivers. In most provinces and municipalities, per capita GDP
25
Fig. 1.13 LMDI decomposition of changes in energy use in the economy of provinces and
municipalities from 2011 to 2016
1. The coal development and utilization structure (shape of coal flow) best
mirrors regional disparities in China’s energy systems.
Energy systems of various provinces and municipalities can be grouped into four
categories: (1) in the first category of energy system (Fig. 1.12, upper left), the
coal flow resembles the Chinese character “几”, that is, coal is mainly supplied
from outside, and is mostly used for electric heating production in energy conversion. 16 provinces and municipalities fall into this category; (2) in the second type
of energy system (Fig. 1.12, lower left), the coal flow is shaped as “一”, which
indicates vast local production of coal and exports to other regions. The energy
systems of three major coal producers fit this description, i.e. Inner Mongolia,
Shanxi and Shaanxi; (3) in the third type of energy system (Fig. 1.12, lower
center), the coal flow comes in the shape of Chinese character “乙”, which
refers to general self-sufficiency of coals in these regions with limited imports
or exports. Xinjiang, Ningxia, Anhui, Guizhou and Gansu fit this category. (4)
in the fourth energy system (lower right corner of Fig. 1.12), coal flow is not a
major part of the energy system. The six regions produce and consume less coal,
with other sources dominating the energy mix. For example, Beijing is mostly
natural gas and electricity, Shanghai and Hainan see a high percentage of oil, and
Sichuan, Yunnan and Qinghai are mostly hydropower.
2. Per capita GDP constitutes the biggest driver of energy consumption growth
in the economy of all regions. Between 2011 and 2016, 20 out of the 29 provinces
and municipalities saw increase of energy consumption in the economy. The
LMDI decomposition analysis of the drivers of energy consumption growth is
shown in Fig. 1.13. The red dots represent changes in the total energy consumption in the economic sector of each province over a five-year period, ranked from
the highest to the lowest. The bar chart shows the changes in energy consumption
caused by different drivers. In most provinces and municipalities, per capita GDP