16 Luminescent Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
597
Chang CF, Cheng YM, Chi Y, Chiu YC, Lin CC, Lee, Pi-Tai Chou GH, Chen CC, Chang CH, Wu
CC (2008) Highly efficient blue-emitting iridium(III) carbene complexes and phosphorescent
OLEDs. Angew Chem Int Ed 47:4542−4545
Chen CH, Tang CW (2001) Efficient green organic light-emitting diodes with stericly hindered
coumarin dopants. Appl Phys Lett 79:3711–3713
Chen CH, Tang CW, Shi J, Klubek KP (2000) Recent developments in the synthesis of red dopants
for Alq3 hosted electroluminescence. Thin Solid Films 363:327–331
(a) Chen HF, Yang SJ, Tsai ZH, Hung WY, Wang TC, Wong KT (2009) 1,3,5-triazine derivatives
as new electron transport–type host materials for highly efficient green phosphorescent OLEDs.
J Mater Chem 19:8112–8118; (b) Sun C, Hudson ZM, Helander MG, Lu ZH, Wang S (2011) A
polyboryl-functionalized triazine as an electron transport material for OLEDs. Organometallics
30:5552−5555; (c) Chen YM, Hung WY, You HW, Chaskar A, Ting HC, Chen HF, Wong KT,
Liu YH (2011) Carbazole–benzimidazole hybrid bipolar host materials for highly efficient green
and blue phosphorescent OLEDs. 21:14971−14978
Chen B, Jiang Y, Chen L, Nie H, He B, Lu P, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Kwok HS, Qin A, Zhao
Z, Tang BZ (2013) 2,5-difuluorenyl-substituted siloles for the fabrication of high-performance
yellow organic light-emitting diodes. Chem Eur J 20:1931–1939
Chuang TH, Yang CH, Kao PC (2009) Efficient red-emitting cyclometalated iridium(III) complex
and applications of organic light-emitting diode. Inorg Chim Acta 362:5017–5022
Cocchi M, Virgili D, Rochester DL, Williams JAG (2007a) NˆCˆN-coordinated platinum(II)
complexes as phosphorescent emitters in high-performance organic light-emitting devices. Adv
Funct Mater 17:285–289
Cocchi M, Kalinowski J, Virgili D, Fattori V, Develay S, Williams JAG (2007b) Single-dopant
organic white electrophosphorescent diodes with very high efficiency and its reduced current
density roll-off. Appl Phys Lett 90:163508 (3 pp)
Congrave DG, Drummond BH, Conaghan PJ, Francis H, Jones STE, Grey CP, Greenham NC,
Credgington D, Bronstein H (2019) A simple molecular design strategy for delayed fluorescence
toward 1000 nm. J Am Chem Soc 141:18390–18394
Deaton JC, Switalski SC, Kondakov DY, Young RH, Pawlik TD, Giesen DJ, Harkins SB, Miller
AJM, Mickenberg SF, Peters JC (2010) E-type delayed fluorescence of a phosphine-supported
Cu 2 (μ-NAr 2 ) 2 diamond core: harvesting singlet and triplet excitons in OLEDs. J Am Chem Soc
132:9499–9508
Dedeian K, Shi J, Shepherd N, Forsythe E, Morton DC (2005) Photophysical and electrochemical
properties of heteroleptic tris-cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes. Inorg Chem 44:4445–4447
Enders D, Breuer K, Raabe G, Runsink J, Teles JH, Melder JP, Ebel K, Brode S (1995) Preparation,
structure, and reactivity of 1,3,4-Triphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylidene, a new stable
carbene. Angew Chem Int Ed 34:1021–1023
Endo A, Suzuki K, Yoshihara T, Tobita S, Yahiro M, Adachi C (2008) Measurement of photoluminescence efficiency of Ir(III) phenylpyridine derivatives in solution and solid-state films. Chem
Phys Lett 460:155–157
Endo A, Ogasawara A, Takahashi A, Yokoyama D, Kato Y, Adachi C (2009) Thermally activated
delayed fluorescence from Sn 4+ –porphyrin complexes and their application to organic lightemitting diodes—a novel mechanism for electroluminescence. Adv Mater 21:4802–4806
Endo A, Sato K, Yoshimura K, Kai T, Kawada A, Miyazaki H, Adachi C (2011) Efficient upconversion of triplet excitons into a singlet state and its application for organic light emitting
diodes. Appl Phys Lett 98:083302 (3 pp)
Fleetham T, Li G, Wen L, Li J (2014) Efficient “pure” blue OLEDs employing tetradentate Pt
complexes with a narrow spectral bandwidth. Adv Mater 26:7116–7121
Fukagawa H, Shimizu T, Hanashima H, Osada Y, Suzuki M, Fujikake H (2012) Highly efficient and
stable red phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes using platinum complexes. Adv Mater
24:5099–5103
597
Chang CF, Cheng YM, Chi Y, Chiu YC, Lin CC, Lee, Pi-Tai Chou GH, Chen CC, Chang CH, Wu
CC (2008) Highly efficient blue-emitting iridium(III) carbene complexes and phosphorescent
OLEDs. Angew Chem Int Ed 47:4542−4545
Chen CH, Tang CW (2001) Efficient green organic light-emitting diodes with stericly hindered
coumarin dopants. Appl Phys Lett 79:3711–3713
Chen CH, Tang CW, Shi J, Klubek KP (2000) Recent developments in the synthesis of red dopants
for Alq3 hosted electroluminescence. Thin Solid Films 363:327–331
(a) Chen HF, Yang SJ, Tsai ZH, Hung WY, Wang TC, Wong KT (2009) 1,3,5-triazine derivatives
as new electron transport–type host materials for highly efficient green phosphorescent OLEDs.
J Mater Chem 19:8112–8118; (b) Sun C, Hudson ZM, Helander MG, Lu ZH, Wang S (2011) A
polyboryl-functionalized triazine as an electron transport material for OLEDs. Organometallics
30:5552−5555; (c) Chen YM, Hung WY, You HW, Chaskar A, Ting HC, Chen HF, Wong KT,
Liu YH (2011) Carbazole–benzimidazole hybrid bipolar host materials for highly efficient green
and blue phosphorescent OLEDs. 21:14971−14978
Chen B, Jiang Y, Chen L, Nie H, He B, Lu P, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Kwok HS, Qin A, Zhao
Z, Tang BZ (2013) 2,5-difuluorenyl-substituted siloles for the fabrication of high-performance
yellow organic light-emitting diodes. Chem Eur J 20:1931–1939
Chuang TH, Yang CH, Kao PC (2009) Efficient red-emitting cyclometalated iridium(III) complex
and applications of organic light-emitting diode. Inorg Chim Acta 362:5017–5022
Cocchi M, Virgili D, Rochester DL, Williams JAG (2007a) NˆCˆN-coordinated platinum(II)
complexes as phosphorescent emitters in high-performance organic light-emitting devices. Adv
Funct Mater 17:285–289
Cocchi M, Kalinowski J, Virgili D, Fattori V, Develay S, Williams JAG (2007b) Single-dopant
organic white electrophosphorescent diodes with very high efficiency and its reduced current
density roll-off. Appl Phys Lett 90:163508 (3 pp)
Congrave DG, Drummond BH, Conaghan PJ, Francis H, Jones STE, Grey CP, Greenham NC,
Credgington D, Bronstein H (2019) A simple molecular design strategy for delayed fluorescence
toward 1000 nm. J Am Chem Soc 141:18390–18394
Deaton JC, Switalski SC, Kondakov DY, Young RH, Pawlik TD, Giesen DJ, Harkins SB, Miller
AJM, Mickenberg SF, Peters JC (2010) E-type delayed fluorescence of a phosphine-supported
Cu 2 (μ-NAr 2 ) 2 diamond core: harvesting singlet and triplet excitons in OLEDs. J Am Chem Soc
132:9499–9508
Dedeian K, Shi J, Shepherd N, Forsythe E, Morton DC (2005) Photophysical and electrochemical
properties of heteroleptic tris-cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes. Inorg Chem 44:4445–4447
Enders D, Breuer K, Raabe G, Runsink J, Teles JH, Melder JP, Ebel K, Brode S (1995) Preparation,
structure, and reactivity of 1,3,4-Triphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylidene, a new stable
carbene. Angew Chem Int Ed 34:1021–1023
Endo A, Suzuki K, Yoshihara T, Tobita S, Yahiro M, Adachi C (2008) Measurement of photoluminescence efficiency of Ir(III) phenylpyridine derivatives in solution and solid-state films. Chem
Phys Lett 460:155–157
Endo A, Ogasawara A, Takahashi A, Yokoyama D, Kato Y, Adachi C (2009) Thermally activated
delayed fluorescence from Sn 4+ –porphyrin complexes and their application to organic lightemitting diodes—a novel mechanism for electroluminescence. Adv Mater 21:4802–4806
Endo A, Sato K, Yoshimura K, Kai T, Kawada A, Miyazaki H, Adachi C (2011) Efficient upconversion of triplet excitons into a singlet state and its application for organic light emitting
diodes. Appl Phys Lett 98:083302 (3 pp)
Fleetham T, Li G, Wen L, Li J (2014) Efficient “pure” blue OLEDs employing tetradentate Pt
complexes with a narrow spectral bandwidth. Adv Mater 26:7116–7121
Fukagawa H, Shimizu T, Hanashima H, Osada Y, Suzuki M, Fujikake H (2012) Highly efficient and
stable red phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes using platinum complexes. Adv Mater
24:5099–5103